The Helical Myocardial Band Model.
The ventricular muscle has been the object of study for years and has presented multiple difficulties in defining its definitive structure. The practically indefinite global and local structural anisotropy of its fibers and other constituents of the ventricular wall creates non-linear electrical and mechanical properties, anisotropic, time-varying, and spatially inhomogeneous. This has created great difficulties in research trying to integrate the structure and function of the heart at different scales, from the molecular level to the level of tissues and organs2,3. The definitive understanding of the structure of the myocardial fibers aims to translate the global behavior of the uniaxial shortening of the myocytes into the harmonious and efficient three-dimensional deformation of the ventricles of the heart, which until now can be considered as a phenomenon of a stochastic nature.
Julien Hoffman4 cites ”A model is a representation of reality but should never be confused with that reality, models do not have to be correct to be useful, but generally, they work within certain limits. If those limits are exceeded, the model ceases to be useful”. Given this, the helical model fully explains many of the normal and abnormal functions as discussed in the following lines.