Outcomes
The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular hospitalization. The secondary endpoint was AF recurrence after single ablation. Stroke was defined as sudden neurologic dysfunction caused by brain ischemia attack. Cardiovascular hospitalization was defined as hospitalization caused by heart failure, AF, and other cardiovascular conditions. However, scheduled admission for a redo procedure was not included. The recurrence of AF was defined as any symptomatic or asymptomatic documented atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter) lasting for >30 seconds after a 3-month blanking period of the ablation.