|
Warfarin
(n=3,335)
|
Rivaroxaban
15 mg
(n=744)
|
Warfarin
(n=3,335)
|
Rivaroxaban
20 mg (n=1,064)
|
Warfarin
(n=3,335)
|
Apixaban 2.5 mg
(n=1,674)
|
Warfarin
(n=3,335)
|
Apixaban 5.0 mg
(n=2,082)
|
Age (mean ± SD) |
82.9 ± 8.6 |
82.8 ± 7.7 |
80.1 ± 10.8 |
79.1 ± 8.2 |
84.3 ± 8.3 |
84.5 ± 7.2 |
80.4 ± 10.2 |
80.2 ± 7.8 |
Female sex (%) |
56.5 |
56.5 |
54.8 |
52.3 |
58.2 |
59.0 |
54.3 |
53.9 |
CHA2DS2-VASc |
4.1 ± 1.4 |
4.1 ± 1.3 |
3.9 ± 1.5 |
3.9 ± 1.5 |
4.2 ± 1.4 |
4.2 ± 1.3 |
3.9 ± 1.5 |
3.8 ±
1.3 |
CHADS2 score (mean ± SD) |
3.0 ± 1.2 |
3.0 ± 1.2 |
2.8 ±
1.3 |
2.9 ± 1.2 |
3.0 ± 1.2 |
3.0 ± 1.1 |
2.9 ± 1.3 |
2.8 ±
1.1 |
HAS-BLED score (mean ± SD) |
3.5 ± 1.3 |
3.5 ± 1.3 |
3.3 ± 1.5 |
3.4 ±
1.4 |
3.5 ± 1.3 |
3.5 ± 1.2 |
3.3 ± 1.4 |
3.3 ± 1.2 |
Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (mean ± SD) |
5.9 ± 3.4 |
6.0 ± 3.6 |
5.7 ± 3.5 |
5.9 ± 3.6 |
5.9 ± 3.4 |
5.8 ± 3.2 |
5.7 ± 3.5 |
5.7 ±
3.4 |
Frailty score (mean ± SD) |
18.6 ± 6.2 |
18.6 ± 5.9 |
17.7 ± 6.7 |
17.6
± 6.3 |
18.8 ± 6.2 |
18.8 ± 5.8 |
17.7 ± 6.6 |
17.5 ± 6.1 |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three
years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the
index hospitalization and the three years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three
years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the
index hospitalization and the three years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three
years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the
index hospitalization and the three years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three
years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the
index hospitalization and the three years prior to cohort entry) |
Comorbidities (including the index hospitalization and the three
years prior to cohort entry) |
Hypertension (%) |
86.2 |
86.5 |
83.9 |
85.2 |
86.9 |
86.9 |
84.5 |
84.0 |
Coronary artery disease (%) |
64.7 |
65.1 |
62.0 |
62.7 |
64.1 |
62.5 |
61.2 |
58.4 |
Acute myocardial infarction (%) |
21.1 |
20.3 |
18.9 |
17.5 |
20.9 |
20.9 |
18.8 |
15.8 |
Chronic heart failure (%) |
56.2 |
56.7 |
53.4 |
54.2 |
56.1 |
56.6 |
53.3 |
53.6 |
Cardiomyopathy (%) |
7.9 |
8.3 |
7.7 |
8.7 |
7.4 |
7.1 |
8.2 |
7.8 |
Other cardiac dysrhythmias (%) |
18.8 |
19.0 |
17.8 |
16.4 |
19.2 |
19.4 |
18.2 |
18.0 |
Valvular heart disease (%) |
26.1 |
27.1 |
24.9 |
24.6 |
25.7 |
25.6 |
23.5 |
22.3 |
Stroke/transient ischemic attack (%) |
16.9 |
17.2 |
16.0 |
17.3 |
16.8 |
16.1 |
15.9 |
15.0 |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) |
27.7 |
27.5 |
26.6 |
25.9 |
27.3 |
26.2 |
25.6 |
23.2 |
Dyslipidemia (%) |
54.4 |
53.3 |
54.2 |
55.8 |
53.9 |
54.0 |
55.5 |
53.8 |
Diabetes (%) |
45.1 |
46.1 |
46.4 |
49.9 |
43.1 |
42.7 |
47.3 |
46.9 |
Major bleeding (%) |
38.5 |
38.3 |
37.0 |
39.3 |
38.3 |
37.0 |
36.2 |
34.8 |
Major intracranial bleeding (%) |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
5.7 |
3.9 |
3.5 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
Major gastrointestinal bleeding (%) |
8.3 |
9.5 |
7.9 |
7.7 |
8.7 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
7.9 |
Other sites of major bleeding (%) |
32.0 |
30.9 |
30.9 |
32.4 |
31.8 |
31.2 |
29.8 |
28.8 |
Liver disease (%) |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma |
44.0 |
44.2 |
46.0 |
49.7 |
42.2 |
42.1 |
44.5 |
45.3 |
Depression (%) |
11.8 |
11.5 |
12.2 |
11.8 |
11.7 |
11.4 |
12.1 |
11.9 |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Medical procedures (three years prior to cohort
entry) |
Cardiac catheterization (%) |
5.0 |
5.4 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
6.4 |
6.4 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention – stent (%) |
4.1 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting (%) |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
Implantable cardiac device (%) |
0.1 |
0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
0.0 |
<0.1 |
0.0 |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Medications (two weeks prior to cohort entry) |
Statin (%) |
51.0 |
51.2 |
51.1 |
52.9 |
50.0 |
47.9 |
50.6 |
50.4 |
Antiplatelet (%) |
8.7 |
8.5 |
8.1 |
8.9 |
8.3 |
7.4 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (%) |
35.3 |
35.5 |
34.8 |
35.2 |
35.6 |
34.9 |
33.9 |
33.4 |
Proton pump inhibitors (%) |
49.7 |
49.6 |
47.8 |
46.9 |
50.0 |
49.1 |
46.4 |
44.7 |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (%) |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
Digoxin (%) |
9.3 |
10.6 |
9.1 |
10.1 |
9.2 |
9.0 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
Amiodarone (%) |
9.6 |
9.3 |
8.6 |
6.1 |
9.3 |
9.8 |
8.8 |
8.0 |
Antidepressants (%) |
10.5 |
10.1 |
10.4 |
10.5 |
10.6 |
10.3 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
Beta-blockers (%) |
62.5 |
63.1 |
61.4 |
61.1 |
63.8 |
62.8 |
62.4 |
62.5 |
Calcium channel blockers (%) |
42.9 |
42.6 |
41.9 |
39.8 |
42.7 |
43.2 |
41.4 |
41.0 |
Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (%) |
37.5 |
36.9 |
38.1 |
38.5 |
38.0 |
36.5 |
38.0 |
38.3 |
Diuretics (%) |
60.5 |
60.3 |
61.4 |
61.0 |
61.0 |
60.8 |
60.3 |
60.4 |
Loop diuretics (%) |
56.2 |
55.8 |
57.0 |
54.4 |
56.4 |
56.7 |
55.4 |
56.3 |
Antidiabetics (%) |
27.4 |
28.0 |
28.7 |
30.3 |
26.5 |
25.8 |
29.2 |
29.3 |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort entry) |
Health medical services (one year prior to cohort
entry) |
Consultations with specialist physicians (mean ± SD) |
1.2 ± 2.4 |
1.2 ±
1.9 |
1.2 ± 2.5 |
1.2 ± 2.3 |
1.2 ± 2.4 |
1.2 ± 2.2 |
1.2 ± 2.6 |
1.2 ±
1.8 |
Consultations with family physicians (mean ± SD) |
1.3 ± 3.3 |
1.3 ± 2.8 |
1.2 ± 3.1 |
1.2 ± 2.5 |
1.3 ± 3.4 |
1.4 ± 3.0 |
1.2 ± 3.2 |
1.2 ±
2.6 |
Emergency visits (mean ± SD) |
3.4 ± 3.1 |
3.4 ± 2.9 |
3.4 ± 3.4 |
3.5 ±
3.0 |
3.4 ± 3.1 |
3.5 ± 2.9 |
3.4 ± 3.3 |
3.3 ± 2.8 |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort entry) |
Health hospital services (three years prior to cohort
entry) |
All-cause hospital admission (mean ± SD) |
2.5 ± 2.1 |
2.5 ± 2.0 |
2.5 ±
2.4 |
2.6 ± 2.2 |
2.4 ± 2.0 |
2.5 ± 1.9 |
2.5 ± 2.3 |
2.4 ±
2.0 |