Medical history
His past medical history was significant for aortic root replacement using Modified Bentall procedure secondary to acute type 1 Aortic Dissection, and concomitant Aortic valve replacement using 23mm Carbomedic bileaflet mechanical valve conduit 3 years ago. He also had a ventricular septal defect repaired at the same time. The rest of his history included heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, coronary artery disease status post coronary artery bypass graft, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on Coumadin, peripheral artery disease, type II diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia.