Arthropod sampling methods & Classification
The sampling of arthropods was conducted from 2019 to 2020 during the peak of plant growth in each growing season. A randomly removable subplot (1 m × 1 m) was selected in the center of each experimental plot, and arthropods therein were collected by using an electric suction sampler connected with a long gauze bag (Brook et al., 2008). Samples were taken from August to September in 2019 and 2020. The following taxa were collected and identified in 2019 and 2020: Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Araneae, Opiliones, Heteroptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Odonata, Collembola, Lepidoptera, Corrodentia, Neuroptera and Collembola. All of the taxa listed above represent all the arthropods we collected and mostly identified to species or genus level, but Hymenoptera (mainly parasitic wasp), Collembola and minority of Heteroptera (leafhopper) were identified to family or superfamily. The arthropod samples were preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol. We distinguished all arthropods into eight functional groups, including herbivores (plant suckers and plant chewers), carnivores (parasitoids, web spiders, ground hunters and vegetation-associated hunters), omnivores and detritivores to evaluate the difference of their responses to climate changes. We calculated the arthropod richness and abundance as the number of taxa and individuals in each sampling plot, respectively.