Notes: Significant effects (p <0.05) are given in bold; asterisks denote significant levels: *, p <0.05; **,p <0.01; and ***, p <0.001, respectively. ↑ & ↓ represent the upward and downward trend of indicators. ↑ & ↓ represent the upward and downward trend of indicators.

Table 2 ANOVA table of F values on the effect of drought, nitrogen addition, delaying snowmelt, and their interactions on the effective diversity of arthropod functional groups, including herbivores (plant suckers and plant chewers), carnivores (parasitoids, web spiders, ground hunters, vegetation hunters), omnivores, detritivores.