Fecundity experiment
We measured egg lying rate, fertility, fecundity, and egg to adult survival of females mated with a temperature challenged male that was either allowed to recover or not. Mating assays took place on three different days: two, four and six days after adult male eclosion to assess changes in fertility during sexual maturation. Males were paired with five-day old virgin females in all cases. New virgin males were used on each mating day and 40 pairs per treatment and day were initially set up. Pairs were allowed to mate for seven hours on day two and four, and for five hours on day six. The mating was observed, and the duration was adjusted each day in order to have an appropriate sample size for all treatments (see Supplementary table S1 for the full sample sizes). At the end of the interaction time, males were discarded. Mated females were kept at 25°C until the next day allowing them to lay eggs and were then discarded. We counted the number of eggs and the vacated vials were kept at standard conditions for 12 days allowing all the offspring to eclose. After that time, the number of offspring was counted, and we estimated the egg to adult survival. This assay was repeated independently following the same procedure and adding one mating day (one, two, four and six days after adult male eclosion). With that, we could get a better understanding of the effects of heat stress on fertility and fecundity in recently eclosed males.