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Table 1. Summary statistics for the Qamanirjuaq, Bathurst, and George River barren-ground caribou cycles. The sine cycle maximum and minimum annual subpopulation growth rates (λt) were updated from Bongelli et al. 2020. Sine cycle estimates of λtgreater than the biologically plausible were limited to 1.2 (λplausible) with the remainder of population growth for those years attributed to immigration. Subpopulation growth that was partially immigration (intrinsic + immigration) occurred only during the eruption phase.