Figure 2. The Bathurst subpopulation tracked carrying capacity (K) throughout its population cycle. Maximum and minimum rates of annual (intrinsic + immigration) population growth (λmax = 1.469; λmin = 0.68) were greater than the biological maximum annual population growth rate (λmax = 1.363; Heard, 1980) during the eruption phase. The eruption period (λ > 1.0 and increasing over consecutive years or λ >1.20) last for approximately 9-years. When λt values were ≥ 1.2 we limited them to 1.2 for calculation of the associated Verhulst (1838) carrying capacity (Kt) because the Verhulst logistic equation is specific for intrinsic λ only (no immigration). We choose λ ≥ 1.2 as the threshold because natural populations experience both natural and harvest mortality and not every reproductive age female would produce viable offspring each year. Nt closely tracks Kt throughout the cycle with the maximum lag time over one complete cycle (1978-2020) being 4.238-years.