CONCLUSION
CA of complex atrial arrhythmias performed in patients with HF, either with preserved or reduced LVEF and guided by an UHD system is associated with similar rates of AF/AT recurrence, and achieved greater improvement in both NYHA class and LVEF, compared to non-HF patients. Outcomes of CA were similar in HF patients with preserved or reduced LVEF. Larger studies should be conducted to address the potential benefit of this novel mapping system in complex arrhythmias management in case of HF and the relative benefit of CA and in the particular population of HFpEF patients.