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\begin{document}

\title{Long-term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular
function in patients with end-stage renal disease}



\author[1]{Duygu Ersan Demirci}%
\author[2]{Deniz Demirci}%
\author[1]{Ayça İNCİ}%
\affil[1]{Antalya Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi}%
\affil[2]{Department of Cardiology Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 16, 2024}


\begingroup
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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
\emph{Background} Right ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of
heart failure and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Scarce
data is available regarding the comparison of echocardiographic right
ventricular function in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis
(HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate
the long-term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right
ventricular function assessed by conventional echocardiography, in
end-stage renal disease patients with preserved left ventricular
function. \emph{Methods} The study included 120 patients grouped as
follows: PD(n=40), HD with arterio-venous fistula (n=40) and healthy
control subjects (n=40). Conventional echocardiography was performed in
all patients. A classification of right ventricular function was defined
in HD patients by using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
(TAPSE), right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV-MPI),
fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid lateral annulus systolic
velocity (Sa) values. Correlation analysis was performed by using right
ventricular dysfunction score, clinical and echocardiographic
parameters. \emph{Results} The mean age of the study population was
51.9\selectlanguage{ngerman}±13.1 years and 47.5\% were females. TAPSE and Sa velocity were
found to be significantly lower and RV-MPI was significantly higher in
patients undergoing HD, compared with control and PD patients. Logistic
regression analysis showed that HD treatment was an independent risk
factor for developing right ventricular dysfunction. \emph{Conclusion}
RV function was impaired in patients undergoing HD compared with
patients on PD.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\textbf{TITLE PAGE}

\textbf{ORIGINAL ARTICLE}

\textbf{Long-term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right
ventricular function in patients with end-stage renal disease}

Duygu Ersan Demirci\textsuperscript{I}, Deniz
Demirci\textsuperscript{II}, Ay\selectlanguage{ngerman}ça \selectlanguage{polish}İ\selectlanguage{english}nci\textsuperscript{III}

\emph{Antalya Training and Research Hospital,} Antalya, Turkey

\textbf{Authors' indexing:} Demirci DE, Demirci D, \selectlanguage{polish}İ\selectlanguage{english}nci A

\textsuperscript{I} Physician, Department of Cardiology, Antalya
Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey

ORCID:\emph{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-1531}

\textsuperscript{II} Physician, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul
Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

ORCID:\emph{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-7034}

\textsuperscript{III} Physician, Associate professor, Department of
Nephrology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey

ORCID:\emph{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-8913}

\textbf{Sources of funding:} None

\textbf{Conflict of interests:} None

\textbf{Data availability} : Yes

\textbf{Ethics approval} : Yes

\textbf{Clinical trials registration number} : NCT04524468

\textbf{Address for correspondence:}

Duygu Ersan Demirci

Antalya E\selectlanguage{polish}ğ\selectlanguage{english}itim ve Ara\selectlanguage{polish}ş\selectlanguage{english}t\selectlanguage{polish}ı\selectlanguage{english}rma Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Klini\selectlanguage{polish}ğ\selectlanguage{english}i, Varl\selectlanguage{polish}ı\selectlanguage{english}k Mah,
Kaz\selectlanguage{polish}ı\selectlanguage{english}m Karabekir Cd, 07100, Muratpa\selectlanguage{polish}ş\selectlanguage{english}a/ Antalya/ T\selectlanguage{ngerman}ürkiye

Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology; Kaz\selectlanguage{polish}ı\selectlanguage{english}m
Karabekir Street, 07100, Muratpa\selectlanguage{polish}ş\selectlanguage{english}a/Antalya/Turkey

Tel. +905056847321

E-mail:duygu\_ersan@yahoo.com

Long-term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular
function in patients with end-stage renal disease: A cross-sectional,
observational study

\textbf{ABSTRACT}

Background

Right ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of heart failure and
mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Scarce data is available
regarding the comparison of echocardiographic right ventricular function
in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal
dialysis (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term
impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular function
assessed by conventional echocardiography, in end-stage renal disease
patients with preserved left ventricular function.

Methods

The study included 120 patients grouped as follows: PD(n=40), HD with
arterio-venous fistula (n=40) and healthy control subjects (n=40).
Conventional echocardiography was performed in all patients. A
classification of right ventricular function was defined in HD patients
by using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right
ventricular myocardial performance index (RV-MPI), fractional area
change (FAC) and tricuspid lateral annulus systolic velocity (Sa)
values. Correlation analysis was performed by using right ventricular
dysfunction score, clinical and echocardiographic parameters.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 51.9\selectlanguage{ngerman}±13.1 years and 47.5\% were
females. TAPSE and Sa velocity were found to be significantly lower and
RV-MPI was significantly higher in patients undergoing HD, compared with
control and PD patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that HD
treatment was an independent risk factor for developing right
ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusion

RV function was impaired in patients undergoing HD compared with
patients on PD.

Key words : echocardiography, end stage renal disease, hemodialysis,
peritoneal dialysis, right ventricular function

Author key words: dialysis, conventional echocardiography, heart
failure, right ventricular dysfunction

Clinical trials registration number: NCT04524468

Long-term impacts of different dialysis modalities on right ventricular
function in patients with end-stage renal disease

\textbf{INTRODUCTION}

There has been a rise in the incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal
disease (ESRD) in recent years. \textsuperscript{1} Cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) are the main causes of death in patients undergoing
dialysis. \textsuperscript{2} The role of the traditional risk factors
(e.g., arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus) is important in the
pathogenesis of CVD, however it can not be fully explained with these
risk factors. \textsuperscript{3}

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is one of the major predictors of
mortality and heart failure in this patient group. It has been shown
that patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), which is usually carried out
via a surgically created arteriovenous fistula (AVF), have an increased
risk for pulmonary hypertension and poorer right ventricular function
compared with healthy controls. \textsuperscript{4,5} Chronic
pressure/volume overload of the RV determined by AVF leads to a
progressive rise in pulmonary pressures and deteriorates RV
function.\textsuperscript{6} However, several other pathogenic
mechanisms and risk factors which are frequently observed in ESRD
patients, can be responsible for RV dysfunction.

In our previous study that we compared peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients
and healthy controls in terms of echocardiographic RV function, we
showed that RV function, assessed by conventional echocardiography in PD
patients, did not differ from healthy controls.
\textsuperscript{7}However, the literature includes a limited number of
studies regarding the comparison of the effects of different dialysis
modalities on RV function in ESRD patients. The aim of the current study
was to elucidate the impact of both long-term PD and HD therapy via AVF,
on RV function in ESRD patients with preserved left ventricular (LV)
function.

\textbf{METHODS}

The current study was planned as a cross-sectional observational study
that included eighty ESRD patients \textgreater{}18 years on a regular
dialysis program for at least six months, and forty healthy subjects.
Patients were recruited from the dialysis unit of the XXXX Hospital,
between January 2020 and June 2020. Those undergoing dialysis were
grouped as follows: forty patients on PD and forty patients on HD with
AVF. Patients undergoing HD were receiving standard bicarbonate HD
sessions three times per week, lasting four hours. Every participant
provided informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with
the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local Ethics Committee
(2019-398).

Clinical or echocardiographic evidence of ischemic heart disease, left
ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction (EF) of less
than 55\%, valvulopathy, left bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation,
previous renal transplantation were accepted as exclusion criteria. Any
clinical condition that might predispose the patient to pulmonary
hypertension (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung
diseases, connective tissue disorders, chronic thromboembolic disease,
congenital left-to-right shunt, primary pulmonary hypertension), was
also a criterion for exclusion.

All of the patients were subjected to a comprehensive clinical
evaluation. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after at least 10-minutes
rest in a sitting position. The mean of three measurements of each
patient was recorded. Patients were defined as having hypertension (HT)
if their SBP was \textgreater{}140 mmHg, their DBP was \textgreater{}90
mmHg, or they were using an antihypertensive
medication.\textsuperscript{8} Diabetes was defined by treatment with
anti-diabetic medications. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body
weight divided by height squared (kg/m\textsuperscript{2}). Body surface
area (BSA; in m\textsuperscript{2}) was calculated as 0.0061 x height
(cm) + 0.0124 x weight (kg) -- 0.0099.

\emph{Echocardiography}

All of the study patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography.
Images were obtained via a Philips iE33 machine (Philips Medical
Systems, Andover, USA) with a 3,5 MHz transducer with the patient in the
left lateral decubitus position, by a single experienced cardiologist
who was blinded to the clinical data of the patients. Echocardiograms
were performed within 1 hour after HD while patients were at optimal dry
weight for patients on HD and at empty abdomen for patients undergoing
PD. Electrocardiogram and respiration of the patients were recorded.
Echocardiographic images with at least 3 cardiac cycles were recorded at
the end of expiration. Measurements were obtained according to the
recommendations of American Association of Echocardiography and European
Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. \textsuperscript{9}

The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular
end-systolic diameter (LVESD), interventricular septum thickness (IVST),
posterior wall thickness (PWT) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)
diameter were measured in the parasternal long axis view. Left
ventricular mass (LVM) was estimated using the anatomically validated
formula of Devereux et al. \textsuperscript{10} Left ventricular
ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using Simpson's biplane method.
Left atrial (LA) diameters were measured from the parasternal long axis
and apical 4-chamber views. LAV was calculated using the biplane Simpson
method. LVM and LAV were adjusted to body surface area (BSA), as were
the LVM index (LVMI) and LAV index (LAVI). To evaluate the diastolic
function of LV, early mitral inflow velocity (E), late mitral inflow
velocity (A) and E/A ratio were recorded. Early diastolic velocity of
the lateral mitral annulus (Em) was recorded with tissue Doppler imaging
(TDI) and the E/Em ratio was also evaluated.

Right heart diameters were measured from the apical 4-chamber views
focused on RV and RA. Maximal tricuspid regurgitation velocity was
measured using continuous wave Doppler echocardiography in the apical
4-chamber view. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was calculated
as follows: 4 x (tricuspid systolic jet)² + right atrial pressure, as
assessed by the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava. Early
(E) and late (A) RV inflow velocities were measured with pulsed wave
Doppler by placing the sample volume between the tips of the tricuspid
valve in the apical 4-chamber view. Pulsed wave TDI was obtained in the
apical 4-chamber view by placing a 5 mm to 10 mm sample volume at the
lateral side of the tricuspid annulus. Measurements were recorded during
end-expiratory apnea. On the TDI images, peak annular systolic velocity
(Sa), early diastolic (Ea) and late diastolic (Aa) annular velocities
were measured. Ejection time (ET) was measured from right ventricular
outflow tract pulse Doppler and tricuspid valve closure and opening time
(TCO) was measured from the tricuspid inflow pulse Doppler. The pulsed
Doppler derived MPI, as a global estimate of both systolic and diastolic
functions of RV, was calculated with the formula RV-MPI = (TCO-ET) / ET.
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was calculated by
placing an M-mode cursor through the tricuspid annulus and measuring the
longitudinal motion of the annulus at peak systole in the apical
4-chamber view. Fractional area change (FAC) was obtained by tracing the
RV endocardium both in end-systole and end-diastole from the annulus,
along with the free wall to the apex, and then back to the annulus with
the interventricular septum in the apical 4-chamber view focused on RV.
RV FAC was calculated using the formula FAC = (end-diastolic area --
end-systolic area) / end-diastolic area x 100. All these measurements
and calculations were performed according to guidelines for the
Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in
Adults.\textsuperscript{11}

We defined a classification indicating RV function of patients by using
TAPSE, RV-MPI, FAC and tricuspid lateral annulus Sa velocity values.
Patients who had normal values in all these parameters, according to the
universally accepted values defined in the guidelines, were considered
to have zero point. Those having an abnormality in one of these
parameters were assigned one point, two abnormal parameters received two
points and three abnormal parameters were assigned three points.
Patients with zero point were accepted as having normal RV function,
whereas patients with at least one point were accepted as having
abnormal RV function.

\emph{Sample Calculation}

The total sample size of 120 subjects achieves 91\% power to detect
differences among the means versus the alternative of equal means using
an F test with a 0.05 significance lelvel. The size of the variation in
the means is represented by 0.35 effect size. The common standart
deviation within a group is assumed to be 3.0.

\emph{Statistical Analysis}

Continuous variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation, whereas
categorical variables were expressed as percentage values. Normal
distribution of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test.
Comparisons of normally distributed continuous variables were performed
with the Student's t-test and the Mann Whitney-U test was used for
non-parametric continuous variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
followed by the Tukey correction was used to assess difference among 3
groups. The correlation between variables was examined by Pearson's
correlation coefficient. Multiple logistic regression analyses were
performed to define risk factors of outcome variable. All potentially
relevant confounding factors were considered all together in the model.
Intraobserver variability of echocardiographic RV functional
measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and
coefficients of variation. P value \textless{}0.05 was considered
statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using the
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software
(version 25; SPSS-IBM, Chicago, IL, USA).

\textbf{RESULTS}

The study population consisted of 120 patients grouped as follows:
patients undergoing PD (n=40), patients undergoing HD with AVF (n=40)
and healthy control group patients (n=40). The mean age of the study
population was 51.9±13.1 years and there were 57 females (47.5 \%).
Groups did not show significant difference in regards to age, gender,
smoking status, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. No significant
difference was found in dialysis duration among both dialysis groups.
The prevalence of diabetes was similar among all groups, whereas
hypertension prevalence was higher in end-stage renal disease patients
compared to healthy controls. While BMI values did not differ between
control and PD groups, it was significantly lower in patients on HD.
General characteristics of the study population were demonstrated in
Table 1.

Echocardiographic Left Atrial and Left Ventricular Indices

LVMI, LVOT diameter and LAVI were significantly higher in dialysis
patients than in controls. Mitral A velocity was significantly lower in
patients on dialysis compared to control patients. No significant
differences in LVEF, E/A and E/Em values were found among the groups
(Table 2).

Echocardiographic Right Atrial and Right Ventricular 2-D and M-Mod
Indices

Patients on HD presented significantly lower TAPSE values compared to PD
patients and controls (17.99 ± 3.91, 22.60 ± 4.75 and 25.57 ± 4.33 mm,
respectively; p\textless{}0.001). We found no significant difference in
right atrial diameters and FAC values among dialysis groups. Right
ventricular basal diameters were significantly higher in HD patients
compared to controls (Table 3).

Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Doppler Indices

Sa velocity, as an index of right ventricular systolic function, was
reduced significantly among HD patients compared to PD and control
groups. RV MPI s and PASP values were increased significantly in HD
patients compared to patients on PD and controls (Table 4).

For the reliability of the TAPSE and Sa average measurement, the
interclass correlation coefficient for the intraobserver variability
were 0.963 {[}95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.925-0.980;
P\textless{}0.001{]} and 0.940 {[}95\% confidence interval (CI)
0.917-0.957; P\textless{}0.001{]} respectively.

According to the examination of the RV dysfunction scores; while 30
patients in HD group had at least 1 point; 11 patients in PD group and 9
patients in control group had 1 point (Table 1).

Regarding the correlation analysis, RV dysfunction score of HD patients
had weak correlations with LVOT diameter, Em and E\textbackslash{}Em,
among left heart echocardiographic parameters. Among clinical
parameters, there was also a weak correlation between RV dysfunction
score and the age of the patients. The RV dysfunction score also had
statistically significant correlations with Ea velocity, Aa velocity and
E\textbackslash{}Ea, among right heart echocardiographic parameters
(Table 5).

Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and right Aa velocity
showed that HD treatment was an independent risk factor for developing
RV dysfunction. (Table~6).

\textbf{DISCUSSION}

In the present study, we investigated the impact of different dialysis
modalities on echocardiographic RV function in ESRD patients with
preserved left ventricular function. We demonstrated that patients on HD
with AVF have poorer RV function compared with the patients undergoing
PD and HD treatment is an independent risk factor for developing RV
dysfunction.

Heart failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in
ESRD patients on dialysis, however it remains poorly investigated. RV
dysfunction has been reported as a significant indicator of mortality in
heart failure patients, regardless of left ventricular systolic
dysfunction and valvular disease. \textsuperscript{12} A survival
analysis including echocardiographic parameters reported that RV
dysfunction is significantly associated with impaired survival in ESRD
patients. \textsuperscript{13} There is data suggesting that RV
dysfunction is more common in patients on HD.
\textsuperscript{14}Several pathophysiological mechanisms may be
responsible for the deterioration of RV function: sympathetic
activation, anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, inflammation and
left-to-right shunt caused by AVF.\textsuperscript{15}AVF leads to
chronic volume overload, causing left to right shunt. Data from several
studies suggest that mortality and heart failure prevalence may be
increased in AVF patients.\textsuperscript{16,17} In a study by Reddy et
al., it was reported that AVF creation for the initiation of HD in
patients with ESRD, is associated with modest impairment in LV function
and remodeling in the RV. \textsuperscript{18} Another study using
strain echocardiography, demonstrated that patients with ESRD and
preserved LV EF undergoing HD have higher prevalence of LV diastolic
dysfunction and reduced RV longitudinal function and deformation
parameters, compared with healthy controls. \textsuperscript{19} Sun et
al. suggested that patients on HD endure the deterioration of RV
function and demonstrated RV morphological and dysfunction, compared
with control group.\textsuperscript{20} Karavelioglu et al. also stated
that RV functions were deteriorated in ESRD patients on HD compared to
healthy subjects.\textsuperscript{21}

There is, however, a lack of data on the impact of different dialysis
modalities on RV function. In the present study, we compared the
long-term impacts of PD and HD with AVF on RV function in ESRD patients
with preserved LV systolic function and demonstrated the deterioration
of RV function in HD patients, compared with the patients on PD. TAPSE
and tricuspid lateral annulus Sa values, which reflect the systolic
function of RV, were found to decrease; additionally, RV MPI, an
indicator of global RV function, was found to increase in patients on HD
compared with PD patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated HD
treatment as an independent predictor of RV dysfunction and also Ea
velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, as associated with RV
dysfunction. Our results were consistent with a previous, similar study
by Paneni et al., that investigated RV function in different dialysis
modalities. They demonstrated a higher prevalence of RV dysfunction
among HD patients when compared to patients on PD and also noted that RV
dysfunction was more prevalent in brachial AVF patients, compared to the
patients with radial AVF. \textsuperscript{22} Different from Paneni's
study that evaluated RV MPI and tricuspid lateral annulus Sa velocities,
we also investigated TAPSE and RV FAC, and defined a classification
score, indicating RV function of the patients, by using these four
echocardiographic parameters. The results of the present study emphasize
the deterioration of RV function in patients undergoing HD, regardless
of LV function and PASP, compared with the subjects on PD; this suggests
the deterioration of RV independent of LV dysfunction and pulmonary
hypertension.

Considering the vital role of RV dysfunction in the development of heart
failure in ESRD patients, the choice of dialysis treatment modality is
of great importance for patients at high risk for heart failure.
Additionally, close follow-up of HD patients for RV function is
necessary for detection, prevention and early treatment of heart failure
in this patient group.

The lack of gold standards, such as magnetic resonance imaging or strain
echocardiography for the assessment of RV and LV function is the main
limitation of the present study. However, despite the difficulties in
the evaluation of RV due to its complex anatomy and retrosternal
position, transthoracic echocardiography is an accurate, easy, rapid,
reproducible and noninvasive method to assess RV function. Further
larger scale studies are needed to confirm these results and also
evaluate the clinical importance and prognostic value of the results.

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that RV function assessed by
echocardiography was poorer in patients undergoing HD with AVF compared
to the patients on PD, regardless of LV function and pulmonary
hypertension. Accordingly, HD patients should be evaluated frequently
for the development of RV dysfunction. The echocardiographic parameters
reflecting RV function, should be examined and reported in patients on
HD.

\par\null

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\item
  Tamul\selectlanguage{polish}ė\selectlanguage{english}nait\selectlanguage{polish}ė\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{~}E,
  \selectlanguage{polish}Ž\selectlanguage{english}virblyt\selectlanguage{polish}ė\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{~}R,~Ereminien\selectlanguage{polish}ė\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{~} R, et al.
  Changes of Left and Right Ventricle Mechanics and Function in Patients
  with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Haemodialysis. Medicina
  (Kaunas). 2018; 54:87.
\item
  Sun M, Cao X, Guo Y, et al. Long-term~impacts~of~hemodialysis~on
  the~right~ventricle: Assessment via 3-dimensional speckle-tracking
  echocardiography. Clin Cardiol. 2018; 41:87-95.
\item
  Karavelio\selectlanguage{polish}ğ\selectlanguage{english}lu Y,~ \selectlanguage{ngerman}Özkurt S,~ Kalçik M,~Karapinar H,~Arisoy A.
  Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular functions in
  nondiabetic normotensive hemodialysis patients. Interv Med Appl Sci.
  2015; 7:95-101.
\item
  Paneni\textsuperscript{~}F,~Gregori M, Ciavarella GM, et al. Right
  Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Am J
  Nephrol. 2010; 32:432-438.
\end{enumerate}

\emph{\textbf{Acknowledgements}:} We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Atila
Elhan for the support of statistical analysis.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 1. General Characteristics of the study population\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 1. General Characteristics of the study population\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 1. General Characteristics of the study population\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 1. General Characteristics of the study population\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 1. General Characteristics of the study population\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Controls} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PD} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{HD} \textbf{(n= 40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Age, years\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
51.2 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 11.4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.4 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 12.9\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.9 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 15.6\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.836\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Female gender, n (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25 (63)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16 (40)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16 (40)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.072\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Hypertension, n (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13 (32.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
32 (80.0) *\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23 (57.5) *\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Diabetes, n (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (22.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13 (32.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (22.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.156\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Current smoking, n (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7 (17.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.853\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Body mass index (kg/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.10 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.96 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.57\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23.97 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.33\textsuperscript{§}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Systolic BP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
119.0 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 15.65\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
135.17 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±23.87*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
128.2 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 22.56\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.004}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Diastolic BP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.52 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 9.76\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
79.05 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±14.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
77.45 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 12.60\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.226\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Heart rate (beats/min) median /Q1/Q3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76 /72/84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
77/68/86\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
77/69/82\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.800\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RV dysfunction score\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
31 (77.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26 (65)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10 (25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9 (22.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11 (27.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13 (32.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
2\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11 (27.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
5 (12.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1 (2.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Dialysis vintage (months) median /Q1/Q3\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
------------\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36/13/58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36/13/81\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.447\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. *different from control, p \textless{}
0.001 and p=0.003, respectively for HT, p= 0.002 for systolic BP\\
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textsuperscript{§} different from control and peritoneal dialysis p
\textless{}0.001 for body mass index\\
BP: blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV: right
ventricle\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. *different from control, p \textless{}
0.001 and p=0.003, respectively for HT, p= 0.002 for systolic BP\\
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textsuperscript{§} different from control and peritoneal dialysis p
\textless{}0.001 for body mass index\\
BP: blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV: right
ventricle\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. *different from control, p \textless{}
0.001 and p=0.003, respectively for HT, p= 0.002 for systolic BP\\
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textsuperscript{§} different from control and peritoneal dialysis p
\textless{}0.001 for body mass index\\
BP: blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV: right
ventricle\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. *different from control, p \textless{}
0.001 and p=0.003, respectively for HT, p= 0.002 for systolic BP\\
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textsuperscript{§} different from control and peritoneal dialysis p
\textless{}0.001 for body mass index\\
BP: blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV: right
ventricle\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. *different from control, p \textless{}
0.001 and p=0.003, respectively for HT, p= 0.002 for systolic BP\\
\selectlanguage{ngerman}\textsuperscript{§} different from control and peritoneal dialysis p
\textless{}0.001 for body mass index\\
BP: blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV: right
ventricle\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 2. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 2. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 2. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 2. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 2. Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Controls} \textbf{(n:40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PD} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{HD} \textbf{(n= 40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVEDD (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.15 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.17\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.45 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.26\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.84 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 6.36\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.097\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVESD (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.90 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.35\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.12 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.79\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.74 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.98\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.102\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVMI (g/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
94.62 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 31.39\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
115.38 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 37.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
125.26 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 56.61*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.007}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LAVI (mL/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17.44 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.27\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.92 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.88*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.01 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 7.04*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVOT (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
21.04 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.88\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.45 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.40\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23.90 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.22*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
78.00 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 17.19\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
69.82 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 17.50\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.98 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 25.08\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.045\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
A (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.17 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 23.75\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.37 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 20.59*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
88.50 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 23.21*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Em (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.33 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.64\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.72 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.02\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
8.04 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.70\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.073\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/A\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.18 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.42\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.92 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 1.04\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.97 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.43\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.223\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/Em\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.11 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.40\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10.43 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.51\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11.80 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.89\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.063\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVEF (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.47 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.84\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.25 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.18\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.12 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.65\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.229\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control,
p\textless{}0.006 for LVMI; P\textless{}0.001 and p=0.002, respectively
for LAVI; P\textless{}0.001 for LVOT; P=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively
for A velocity A: Late mitral inflow velocity, E: Early mitral inflow
velocity, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus, HD:
hemodialysis, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD:
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass
index, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow
tract, LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PD: peritoneal
dialysis\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control,
p\textless{}0.006 for LVMI; P\textless{}0.001 and p=0.002, respectively
for LAVI; P\textless{}0.001 for LVOT; P=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively
for A velocity A: Late mitral inflow velocity, E: Early mitral inflow
velocity, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus, HD:
hemodialysis, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD:
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass
index, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow
tract, LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PD: peritoneal
dialysis\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control,
p\textless{}0.006 for LVMI; P\textless{}0.001 and p=0.002, respectively
for LAVI; P\textless{}0.001 for LVOT; P=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively
for A velocity A: Late mitral inflow velocity, E: Early mitral inflow
velocity, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus, HD:
hemodialysis, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD:
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass
index, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow
tract, LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PD: peritoneal
dialysis\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control,
p\textless{}0.006 for LVMI; P\textless{}0.001 and p=0.002, respectively
for LAVI; P\textless{}0.001 for LVOT; P=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively
for A velocity A: Late mitral inflow velocity, E: Early mitral inflow
velocity, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus, HD:
hemodialysis, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD:
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass
index, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow
tract, LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PD: peritoneal
dialysis\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control,
p\textless{}0.006 for LVMI; P\textless{}0.001 and p=0.002, respectively
for LAVI; P\textless{}0.001 for LVOT; P=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively
for A velocity A: Late mitral inflow velocity, E: Early mitral inflow
velocity, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus, HD:
hemodialysis, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD:
Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass
index, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow
tract, LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PD: peritoneal
dialysis\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 3) Right ventricular 2-Dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic
parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 3) Right ventricular 2-Dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic
parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 3) Right ventricular 2-Dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic
parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 3) Right ventricular 2-Dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic
parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 3) Right ventricular 2-Dimensional and M-Mode echocardiographic
parameters\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Controls} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PD} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{HD} \textbf{(n= 40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA longitudinal diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
44.41 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.39 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.38\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
44.05 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.585\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA minor diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.63 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.94\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.98 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.95\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
35.61 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 6.28\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.747\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA area (mm\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.90 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.12\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.17 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.13\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.06 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.92\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.946\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RV basal diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.55 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.005\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28.46 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.09\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.75 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 5.10*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.002}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RV FAC (\%)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.36 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 7.67\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39.60 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 9.77\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
39.34 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 10.23\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.110\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
TAPSE (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.57 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.33\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.60 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.75*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
17.99 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.91\textsuperscript{§}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.008 for
TAPSE, p=0.002 for RV basal diameter \textsuperscript{§} different from
control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p\textless{}0.001, respectively for TAPSE; p=0.002 and p=0.041,
respectively for RV basal diameter BP: Blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis,
PD: peritoneal dialysis, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.008 for
TAPSE, p=0.002 for RV basal diameter \textsuperscript{§} different from
control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p\textless{}0.001, respectively for TAPSE; p=0.002 and p=0.041,
respectively for RV basal diameter BP: Blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis,
PD: peritoneal dialysis, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.008 for
TAPSE, p=0.002 for RV basal diameter \textsuperscript{§} different from
control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p\textless{}0.001, respectively for TAPSE; p=0.002 and p=0.041,
respectively for RV basal diameter BP: Blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis,
PD: peritoneal dialysis, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.008 for
TAPSE, p=0.002 for RV basal diameter \textsuperscript{§} different from
control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p\textless{}0.001, respectively for TAPSE; p=0.002 and p=0.041,
respectively for RV basal diameter BP: Blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis,
PD: peritoneal dialysis, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.008 for
TAPSE, p=0.002 for RV basal diameter \textsuperscript{§} different from
control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p\textless{}0.001, respectively for TAPSE; p=0.002 and p=0.041,
respectively for RV basal diameter BP: Blood pressure, HD: hemodialysis,
PD: peritoneal dialysis, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 4. Right ventricular Doppler echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 4. Right ventricular Doppler echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 4. Right ventricular Doppler echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 4. Right ventricular Doppler echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Table 4. Right ventricular Doppler echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Controls} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PD} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{HD} \textbf{(n=40)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.19\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p value}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.80 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 13.01\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.35 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 13.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
65.74 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 18.49*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.007}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
A (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
48.73 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 14.76\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.85 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 19.45*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.85 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 19.45*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Ea (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.61 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.30\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10.77 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.61\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
10.45 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.93\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.018\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Aa (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.01 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.09\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
16.20 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.09\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.79 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4,03\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.250\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/A\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.19 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.04 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.33\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
1.09 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.28\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.106\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/Ea\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
4.57 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 1.46\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.38 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.06*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.94 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.88*\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Sa (cm/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.35 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 2.34\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
14.07 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 3.71\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11.79\selectlanguage{ngerman}±2.70\textsuperscript{§}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PASP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.33 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 4.82\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23.89 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 8.21\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
28.71 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 6.90\textsuperscript{§}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.006}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RV MPI\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.27 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.14\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.29 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.11\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.47 \selectlanguage{ngerman}± 0.21 \textsuperscript{§}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.006 for E
velocity; p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively for A velocity;
p\textless{}0.001 and p=0.06 respectively for E/Ea \textsuperscript{§}
different from control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p=0.002, respectively for Sa; p=0.071 and p=0.005, respectively for
PASP; p\textless{}0.001 for RV MPI A: Late tricuspid inflow velocity,
Aa: Late diastolic velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, E: Early
tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of tricuspid
lateral annulus, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV MPI:
Right ventricular myocardial performance index, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, Sa: Systolic velocity of tricuspid lateral
annulus\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.006 for E
velocity; p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively for A velocity;
p\textless{}0.001 and p=0.06 respectively for E/Ea \textsuperscript{§}
different from control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p=0.002, respectively for Sa; p=0.071 and p=0.005, respectively for
PASP; p\textless{}0.001 for RV MPI A: Late tricuspid inflow velocity,
Aa: Late diastolic velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, E: Early
tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of tricuspid
lateral annulus, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV MPI:
Right ventricular myocardial performance index, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, Sa: Systolic velocity of tricuspid lateral
annulus\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.006 for E
velocity; p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively for A velocity;
p\textless{}0.001 and p=0.06 respectively for E/Ea \textsuperscript{§}
different from control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p=0.002, respectively for Sa; p=0.071 and p=0.005, respectively for
PASP; p\textless{}0.001 for RV MPI A: Late tricuspid inflow velocity,
Aa: Late diastolic velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, E: Early
tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of tricuspid
lateral annulus, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV MPI:
Right ventricular myocardial performance index, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, Sa: Systolic velocity of tricuspid lateral
annulus\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.006 for E
velocity; p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively for A velocity;
p\textless{}0.001 and p=0.06 respectively for E/Ea \textsuperscript{§}
different from control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p=0.002, respectively for Sa; p=0.071 and p=0.005, respectively for
PASP; p\textless{}0.001 for RV MPI A: Late tricuspid inflow velocity,
Aa: Late diastolic velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, E: Early
tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of tricuspid
lateral annulus, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV MPI:
Right ventricular myocardial performance index, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, Sa: Systolic velocity of tricuspid lateral
annulus\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.17\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Data is presented as mean \selectlanguage{ngerman}± standard deviation for continuous variables.
P values refer to ANOVA tests. * different from control, p=0.006 for E
velocity; p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively for A velocity;
p\textless{}0.001 and p=0.06 respectively for E/Ea \textsuperscript{§}
different from control and peritoneal dialysis, p\textless{}0.001 and
p=0.002, respectively for Sa; p=0.071 and p=0.005, respectively for
PASP; p\textless{}0.001 for RV MPI A: Late tricuspid inflow velocity,
Aa: Late diastolic velocity of tricuspid lateral annulus, E: Early
tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of tricuspid
lateral annulus, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, RV MPI:
Right ventricular myocardial performance index, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, Sa: Systolic velocity of tricuspid lateral
annulus\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}

\textbf{Table 5. Correlations between RV dysfunction score and
Echocardiographic/Clinic parameters}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Left ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Right ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Right ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Right ventricular echocardiographic parameters\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Correlation coefficient\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
p value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Correlation coefficient\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.16\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
p value\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVEDD (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.114\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.214\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA longitudinal diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.012\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.894\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVESD (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.053\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.564\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA minor diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.129\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.161\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LVMI (g/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.080\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.386\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RA area (mm\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.58\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.532\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
LAVI (mL/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.021\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.821\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
RV basal diameter (mm)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.178\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.052\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{LVOT (mm)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.274}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.002}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.031\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.736\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
A (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.060\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.520\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.154\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.092\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Em (m/s)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{-0.184}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.044}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
A (m/s)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.145\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.115\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/A\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.062\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.500\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Ea (m/s)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{-0.376}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{E/Em}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.218}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.017}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Aa (m/s)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{-0.275}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.002}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Clinical parameters\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
E/A\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.070\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.448\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Correlation coefficient\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
P value\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{E/Ea}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.390}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{\textless{}0.001}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Age (years)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.191}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{0.037}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
PASP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.110\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.232\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Body mass index (kg/m\textsuperscript{2})\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.120\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.193\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Systolic BP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.066\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.474\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
Diastolic BP (mmHg)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
-0.152\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.097\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.14\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

A: Late mitral/tricuspid inflow velocity, BP: blood pressure, E: Early
mitral/tricuspid inflow velocity, Ea: Early diastolic velocity of
tricuspid lateral annulus, Em: Early diastolic velocity of mitral
annulus, LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD: Left
ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVMI: Left ventricular mass index,
LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LVOT: Left ventricular outflow tract,
LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction, PASP: Pulmonary artery
systolic pressure, RA: Right atrium, RV: Right ventricle, TAPSE:
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion

Table 6. Independent variables associated with right ventricular
dysfunction\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllll@{}}
\toprule
& & OR & 95 \% CI & 95 \% CI & p\tabularnewline
& & & Lower & Upper &\tabularnewline
Hemodialysis & & 2.097 & 3.144 & 21.920 &
\textless{}0.001\tabularnewline
Right Aa velocity & & -0.154 & 0.761 & 0.966 & .012\tabularnewline
Age & & 0.062 & 1.024 & 1.106 & 0.002\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

