Acknowledgement

PT thanks the Ecological Modelling group at IGB for helpful discussions, especially Lilla Kiss for help with illustrating the energy flow, and the Ecological Modeling group at the University of Potsdam and Kevin Lafferty for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Program 1704: DynaTrait (WO 2273/1-1) and (GR 1540/30-1). MK received funding from the Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (MK 19J00864). The work was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF within the Collaborative Project ”Bridging in Biodiversity Science - BIBS” (funding number 01LC1501). All responsibility for the content of this publication is assumed by the authors.