References
1. Billan S, Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z. Treatment after progression in the era of immunotherapy. Lancet Oncol (2020) 21(10):e463-e76. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30328-4. PubMed PMID: 33002442.
2. Ribas A, Wolchok JD. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade.Science (2018) 359(6382):1350-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aar4060. PubMed PMID: 29567705; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7391259.
3. Postow MA, Callahan MK, Wolchok JD. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Oncol (2015) 33(17):1974-82. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4358. PubMed PMID: 25605845; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4980573.
4. Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, Reuben A, Andrews MC, Karpinets TV, et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science (2018) 359(6371):97-103. doi: 10.1126/science.aan4236. PubMed PMID: 29097493; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5827966.
5. Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CPM, Alou MT, Daillere R, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science (2018) 359(6371):91-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3706. PubMed PMID: 29097494.
6. Schluter J, Peled JU, Taylor BP, Markey KA, Smith M, Taur Y, et al. The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans.Nature (2020) 588(7837):303-7. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8. PubMed PMID: 33239790; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7725892.
7. Geva-Zatorsky N, Sefik E, Kua L, Pasman L, Tan TG, Ortiz-Lopez A, et al. Mining the Human Gut Microbiota for Immunomodulatory Organisms.Cell (2017) 168(5):928-43 e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.022. PubMed PMID: 28215708; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7774263.
8. Hussain N, Naeem M, Pinato DJ. Concomitant medications and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer: causation or association?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) 17(1):55-61. Epub 2020/06/24. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1769398. PubMed PMID: 32574106; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7872020.
9. Pinato DJ, Howlett S, Ottaviani D, Urus H, Patel A, Mineo T, et al. Association of Prior Antibiotic Treatment With Survival and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Cancer. JAMA Oncol (2019) 5(12):1774-8. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2785. PubMed PMID: 31513236; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6743060.
10. Kim H, Lee JE, Hong SH, Lee MA, Kang JH, Kim IH. The effect of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of patients with solid cancers undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment: a retrospective study.BMC cancer (2019) 19(1):1100. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-6267-z. PubMed PMID: 31718585; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6852740.
11. Ahmed J, Kumar A, Parikh K, Anwar A, Knoll BM, Puccio C, et al. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics impacts outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology (2018) 7(11):e1507670. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1507670. PubMed PMID: 30377571; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6205076.
12. Chalabi M, Cardona A, Nagarkar DR, Dhawahir Scala A, Gandara DR, Rittmeyer A, et al. Efficacy of chemotherapy and atezolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors: pooled post hoc analyses of the OAK and POPLAR trials. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology (2020) 31(4):525-31. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.01.006. PubMed PMID: 32115349.
13. Smelick GS, Heffron TP, Chu L, Dean B, West DA, Duvall SL, et al. Prevalence of acid-reducing agents (ARA) in cancer populations and ARA drug-drug interaction potential for molecular targeted agents in clinical development. Mol Pharm (2013) 10(11):4055-62. doi: 10.1021/mp400403s. PubMed PMID: 24044612.
14. Bruno G, Zaccari P, Rocco G, Scalese G, Panetta C, Porowska B, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: Current knowledge and aspects to be clarified. World J Gastroenterol (2019) 25(22):2706-19. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i22.2706. PubMed PMID: 31235994; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6580352.
15. Jackson MA, Goodrich JK, Maxan ME, Freedberg DE, Abrams JA, Poole AC, et al. Proton pump inhibitors alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut (2016) 65(5):749-56. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310861. PubMed PMID: 26719299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4853574.
16. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. J Clin Epidemiol (2021) 134:103-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003. PubMed PMID: 33577987.
17. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.Eur J Epidemiol (2010) 25(9):603-5. doi: 10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z. PubMed PMID: 20652370.
18. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med (2002) 21(11):1539-58. doi: 10.1002/sim.1186. PubMed PMID: 12111919.
19. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (2003) 327(7414):557-60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557. PubMed PMID: 12958120; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC192859.
20. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics (1994) 50(4):1088-101. PubMed PMID: 7786990.
21. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (1997) 315(7109):629-34. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629. PubMed PMID: 9310563; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2127453.
22. Afzal MZ, Shirai K. What impact do the proton pump inhibitors have on the efficacy of immune check point inhibitors in metastatic malignant melanoma? Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019) 37. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.e21040.
23. Husain M, Xu M, Patel S, Johns A, Grogan M, Li M, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use (PPI) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for advanced cancer: Survival and prior therapy.Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021) 39(15 SUPPL). doi: 10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.2633.
24. Peng K, Chen K, Teply BA, Yee GC, Farazi PA, Lyden ER. Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on the Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Cancer Patients. The Annals of pharmacotherapy (2021):10600280211033938. Epub 2021/07/21. doi: 10.1177/10600280211033938. PubMed PMID: 34282636.
25. Cortellini A, Tucci M, Adamo V, Stucci LS, Russo A, Tanda ET, et al. Integrated analysis of concomitant medications and oncological outcomes from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2020) 8(2). Epub 2020/11/07. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001361. PubMed PMID: 33154150; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7646355.
26. Iglesias-Santamaría A. Impact of antibiotic use and other concomitant medications on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancer. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico (2020) 22(9):1481-90. Epub 2020/01/11. doi: 10.1007/s12094-019-02282-w. PubMed PMID: 31919759.
27. Svaton M, Zemanova M, Zemanova P, Kultan J, Fischer O, Skrickova J, et al. Impact of Concomitant Medication Administered at the Time of Initiation of Nivolumab Therapy on Outcome in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer research (2020) 40(4):2209-17. Epub 2020/04/03. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14182. PubMed PMID: 32234916.
28. Cortellini A, Di Maio M, Nigro O, Leonetti A, Cortinovis DL, Aerts JG, et al. Differential influence of antibiotic therapy and other medications on oncological outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab versus cytotoxic chemotherapy. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer (2021) 9(4). Epub 2021/04/09. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002421. PubMed PMID: 33827906; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8031700.
29. Gaucher L, Adda L, Séjourné A, Joachim C, Guillaume C, Poulet C, et al. Associations between dysbiosis-inducing drugs, overall survival and tumor response in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology (2021) 13:17588359211000591. Epub 2021/04/03. doi: 10.1177/17588359211000591. PubMed PMID: 33796151; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7968039.
30. Ruiz-Bañobre J, Molina-Díaz A, Fernández-Calvo O, Fernández-Núñez N, Medina-Colmenero A, Santomé L, et al. Rethinking prognostic factors in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the immune checkpoint blockade era: a multicenter retrospective study. ESMO open (2021) 6(2):100090. Epub 2021/03/20. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100090. PubMed PMID: 33740735; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7980066.
31. Buti S, Bersanelli M, Perrone F, Tiseo M, Tucci M, Adamo V, et al. Effect of concomitant medications with immune-modulatory properties on the outcomes of patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: development and validation of a novel prognostic index. European Journal of Cancer (2021) 142:18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.033.
32. Zhao S, Gao G, Li W, Li X, Zhao C, Jiang T, et al. Antibiotics are associated with attenuated efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2019) 130:10-7. Epub 2019/03/20. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.01.017. PubMed PMID: 30885328.
33. Hopkins AM, Kichenadasse G, Karapetis CS, Rowland A, Sorich MJ. Concomitant proton pump inhibitor use and survival in urothelial carcinoma treated with atezolizumab. Clinical Cancer Research(2020) 26(20):5487-93. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-1876.
34. Jun T, Ozbek U, Dharmapuri S, Hardy-Abeloos C, Zhu H, Lin JY, et al. Antacid exposure and immunotherapy outcomes among patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Therapeutic advances in medical oncology (2021) 13:17588359211010937. Epub 2021/05/18. doi: 10.1177/17588359211010937. PubMed PMID: 33995594; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8107671.
35. Patel SP, Kurzrock R. PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther (2015) 14(4):847-56. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0983. PubMed PMID: 25695955.
36. High TMB Predicts Immunotherapy Benefit. Cancer Discov (2018) 8(6):668. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-NB2018-048. PubMed PMID: 29661758.
37. Routy B, Gopalakrishnan V, Daillere R, Zitvogel L, Wargo JA, Kroemer G. The gut microbiota influences anticancer immunosurveillance and general health. Nat Rev Clin Oncol (2018) 15(6):382-96. doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0006-2. PubMed PMID: 29636538.
38. Uchiyama AAT, Silva PAIA, Lopes MSM, Yen CT, Ricardo ED, Mutão T, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and oncologic treatment efficacy: A practical review of the literature for oncologists. Current Oncology (2021) 28(1):783-99. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28010076.
39. Rogers MAM, Aronoff DM. The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gut microbiome. Clin Microbiol Infect (2016) 22(2):178 e1- e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.003. PubMed PMID: 26482265; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4754147.
40. Biswas S, Benedict SH, Lynch SG, LeVine SM. Potential immunological consequences of pharmacological suppression of gastric acid production in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Med (2012) 10:57. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-57. PubMed PMID: 22676575; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3386885.
41. Homicsko K RG, Tuchmann F, Tsourti Z, Hanahan D, Coukos G, Wind-Rotolo M, Richtig E, Zygoura P, Holler C, et al. Proton pump inhibitors negatively impact survival of PD-1 inhibitor based therapies in metastatic melanoma patients. Annals of Oncology (2018) 29:40. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy511.001.
42. Hou F, Pan Z, Yang R, Zhi F, Bi Y. Gold digging: Searching for gut microbiota that enhances antitumor immunity. J Cell Physiol(2021) 236(8):5495-511. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30272. PubMed PMID: 33452716.
43. Li C, Xia Z, Li A, Meng J. The effect of proton pump inhibitor uses on outcomes for cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis. Annals of translational medicine(2020) 8(24). doi: 10.21037/ATM-20-7498.
44. Li M, Zeng C, Yao J, Ge Y, An G. The association between proton pump inhibitors use and clinical outcome of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. International immunopharmacology(2020) 88. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106972.
45. Zeng W, Finlayson AE, Shankar S, de Bruyn W, Godman B. Prescribing efficiency of proton pump inhibitors in China: influence and future directions. BMC Health Serv Res (2015) 15:11. doi: 10.1186/s12913-014-0638-6. PubMed PMID: 25609265; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4308879.
46. Lanas A. We Are Using Too Many PPIs, and We Need to Stop: A European Perspective. Am J Gastroenterol (2016) 111(8):1085-6. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.166. PubMed PMID: 27166129.
47. Mazer-Amirshahi M, Mullins PM, van den Anker J, Meltzer A, Pines JM. Rising rates of proton pump inhibitor prescribing in US emergency departments. Am J Emerg Med (2014) 32(6):618-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.019. PubMed PMID: 24721025.
48. Tvingsholm SA, Dehlendorff C, Osterlind K, Friis S, Jaattela M. Proton pump inhibitor use and cancer mortality. Int J Cancer(2018) 143(6):1315-26. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31529. PubMed PMID: 29658114; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7611279.