Fig. 7 The structural equation model with the effects of meteorological and vegetation variables on the intra-annual stability of community biomass. The red arrow represents a negative pathway, the blue arrows show positive pathways, and the grey dashed arrows indicate nonsignificant pathways. Arrow width is proportional to the strength of the relationship. Numbers adjacent to arrows are standardized path coefficients and indicate the effect size of the relationship. The proportion of variance explained (R2) appears alongside response variables in the model. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; \(\chi^{2}\) = 17.05, P = 0.383; root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, P = 0.453; Akaike information criteria (AIC) =141.045.