References
1. Guilliams KP, Fields ME, Ragan DK, Chen Y, Eldeniz C, Hulbert ML, et al. Large-Vessel Vasculopathy in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Infarct Topography and Focal Atrophy. Pediatr Neurol. 2017;69:49-57.
2. Arkuszewski M, Krejza J, Chen R, Ichord R, Kwiatkowski JL, Bilello M, et al. Sickle cell anemia: intracranial stenosis and silent cerebral infarcts in children with low risk of stroke. Adv Med Sci. 2014;59(1):108-13.
3. Hulbert ML, Ford AL. Understanding sickle cell brain drain. Blood. 2014;124(6):830-1.
4. Lee MT, Piomelli S, Granger S, Miller ST, Harkness S, Brambilla DJ, et al. Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP): extended follow-up and final results. Blood. 2006;108(3):847-52.
5. Thust SC, Burke C, Siddiqui A. Neuroimaging findings in sickle cell disease. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1040).
6. Abboud MR, Cure J, Granger S, Gallagher D, Hsu L, Wang W, et al. Magnetic resonance angiography in children with sickle cell disease and abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasonography findings enrolled in the STOP study. Blood. 2004;103(7):2822-6.
7. Bernaudin F, Verlhac S, Arnaud C, Kamdem A, Chevret S, Hau I, et al. Impact of early transcranial Doppler screening and intensive therapy on cerebral vasculopathy outcome in a newborn sickle cell anemia cohort. Blood. 2011;117(4):1130-40.
8. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Division of Blood Diseases and Resources. The management of sickle cell disease. 4th ed. Bethesda, MD: The Institute; 2002.
9. DeBaun MR, Jordan LC, King AA, Schatz J, Vichinsky E, Fox CK, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults. Blood Adv. 2020;4(8):1554-88.
10. Ware RE, Davis BR, Schultz WH, Brown RC, Aygun B, Sarnaik S, et al. Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia—TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet. 2016;387(10019):661-70.
11. Zimmerman RA. MRI/MRA evaluation of sickle cell disease of the brain. Pediatr Radiol. 2005;35(3):249-57.
12. Helton KJ, Adams RJ, Kesler KL, Lockhart A, Aygun B, Driscoll C, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging/angiography and transcranial Doppler velocities in sickle cell anemia: results from the SWiTCH trial. Blood. 2014;124(6):891-8.
13. Adams RJ, Mckie VC, Hsu L, Files B, Vichinsky E, Pegelow C, et al. Prevention of a First Stroke by Transfusions in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia and Abnormal Results on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. New England Journal of Medicine. 1998;339(1):5-11.
14. Inati A, Mansour AG, Sabbouh T, Amhez G, Hachem A, Abbas HA. Transfusion Therapy in Children With Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017;39(2):126-32.
15. Fasano RM, Meyer EK, Branscomb J, White MS, Gibson RW, Eckman JR. Impact of Red Blood Cell Antigen Matching on Alloimmunization and Transfusion Complications in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review. Transfus Med Rev. 2019;33(1):12-23.
16. Coleman S, Westhoff CM, Friedman DF, Chou ST. Alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease and underrecognition of accompanying delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Transfusion. 2019;59(7):2282-91.
17. Morelli JN, Gerdes CM, Schmitt P, Ai T, Saettele MR, Runge VM, et al. Technical considerations in MR angiography: An image-based guide. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2013;37(6):1326-41.
18. Edelman RR, Koktzoglou I. Noncontrast MR angiography: An update. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2019;49(2):355-73.
Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions