BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies
Stable Loss Loss Moderate gain Moderate gain Excess gain Excess gain
(-1 to <1 kg/m2) (>1 kg/m2) (>1 kg/m2) (1 to <3 kg/m2) (1 to <3 kg/m2) (≥3 kg/m2) (≥3 kg/m2)
Outcomes of second pregnancy n (%) n (%) RR (95% CI) n (%) RR (95% CI) n (%) RR (95% CI)
Offspring birth weight
Normal 2.5 to <4 kg 2341 (92.2) 574 (89.7) 1.00 1965 (92.0) 1.00 839 (90.8) 1.00
Low <2.5 kg 163 (6.4) 55 (8.6) 1.36 (1.02, 1.80) 136 (6.4) 1.00 (0.81, 1.25) 57 (6.2) 0.97 (0.72, 1.31)
High ≥4 kg 35 (1.4) 11 (1.7) 0.88 (0.46, 1.69) 34 (1.6) 1.09 (0.68, 1.74) 28 (3.0) 1.62 (0.97, 2.71)
Offspring birth size
AGA 10 - 90 percentile 1932 (76.2) 488 (76.2) 1.00 1583 (74.1) 1.00 643 (69.7) 1.00
SGA <10 percentile 206 (8.1) 54 (8.4) 1.15 (0.87, 1.52) 161 (7.5) 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) 61 (6.6) 0.84 (0.64, 1.11)
LGA >90 percentile 399 (15.7) 98 (15.3) 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) 391 (18.3) 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) 219 (23.7) 1.40 (1.21, 1.61)
Preterm delivery <37 weeks
No 2385 (93.6) 592 (92.1) 1.00 2012 (93.8) 1.00 863 (93.1) 1.00
Yes 163 (6.4) 51 (7.9) 1.08 (0.80, 1.45) 134 (6.2) 0.96 (0.78, 1.20) 64 (6.9) 1.07 (0.81, 1.41)
Gestational diabetes
No 2352 (92.3) 580 (90.2) 1.00 1956 (91.1) 1.00 806 (86.9) 1.00
Yes 196 (7.7) 63 (9.8) 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) 190 (8.9) 1.25 (1.06, 1.49) 121 (13.1) 1.63 (1.35, 1.97)
Mode of delivery
Vaginal delivery 1892 (76.7) 541 (74.4) 1.00 1573 (74.5) 1.00 718 (74.9) 1.00
Elective caesarean 345 (14.0) 102 (14.0) 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) 301 (14.3) 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) 123 (12.8) 1.04 (0.95, 1.15)
Emergency caesarean 229 (9.3) 84 (11.6) 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) 238 (11.3) 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) 118 (12.3) 1.14 (1.00, 1.32)