BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies BMI change status between first two pregnancies
Characteristics Total Stable Loss Moderate gain Excess gain
(-1 to <1 kg/m2) (>1 kg/m2) (1 to <3 kg/m2) (≥3 kg/m2)
n=6264 n=2548; 40.7% n=643; 10.3% n=2146; 34.3% n=927; 14.8%
Maternal age in the first pregnancy, years 28.36 + 4.31 28.58 + 4.32 28.61 + 4.64 28.49 + 4.17 27.27 + 4.18
Ethnicity
Chinese 2600 (41.5) 1192 (46.8) 275 (42.8) 916 (42.7) 217 (23.4)
Malay 1902 (30.4) 704 (27.6) 182 (28.3) 620 (28.9) 396 (42.7)
Indian 666 (10.6) 231 (9.1) 79 (12.3) 233 (10.9) 123 (13.3)
Others 1096 (17.5) 421 (16.5) 107 (16.6) 377 (17.6) 191 (20.6)
BMI at 12-week gestation in the first pregnancy, kg/m2 23.76 + 4.97 23.19 + 5.04 25.36 + 5.44 23.35 + 4.48 25.17 + 5.02
BMI categories at 12-week gestation in the first pregnancy
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 585 (9.3) 319 (12.6) 17 (2.7) 197 (9.2) 52 (5.6)
Normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) 2719 (43.4) 1209 (47.4) 242 (37.6) 974 (45.4) 294 (31.7)
Overweight (23-27.4 kg/m2) 1785 (28.5) 607 (23.8) 208 (32.3) 656 (30.6) 314 (33.9)
Obesity (≥27.5kg/m2) 1175 (18.8) 413 (16.2) 176 (27.4) 319 (14.8) 267 (28.8)
BMI at 12-week gestation in the second pregnancy, kg/m2 24.92 + 5.40 23.33 + 5.03 23.35 + 5.27 25.23 + 4.58 29.65 + 5.32
BMI categories at 12-week gestation in the second pregnancy
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) 416 (6.6) 286 (11.2) 81 (12.6) 48 (2.2) 1 (0.1)
Normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) 2262 (36.1) 1210 (47.5) 302 (47.0) 694 (32.3) 56 (6.0)
Overweight (23-27.4 kg/m2) 1972 (31.5) 626 (24.6) 145 (22.6) 887 (41.3) 314 (33.9)
Obesity (≥27.5kg/m2) 1614 (25.8) 426 (16.7) 115 (17.8) 517 (24.2) 556 (60.0)
Interpregnancy BMI change, kg/m2 0.97 (-0.04 – 2.21) 0.19 (-0.25 – 0.59) -1.72 (-2.40 – -1.31) 1.84 (1.40 – 2.32) 4.02 (3.45 – 4.95)
Interpregnancy interval, years 1.44 (0.89 – 2.19) 1.39 (0.88 – 2.04) 1.34 (0.84 – 1.97) 1.49 (0.89 – 2.27) 1.61 (0.97 – 2.61)