1 Introduction
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment
approach that has been used to cure a wide range of malignant and
non-malignant diseases; however, various early and late complications
can occur following HSCT1,2. A proportion of patients
experience primary or secondary graft failure after receiving
HSCT3; however, reports of autologous hematopoietic
recovery after graft failure following application of a myeloablative
conditioning (MAC) regimen are rare. Some case reports of adult patients
experiencing autologous recovery have been
published4,5,6,7. In pediatric populations, such
autologous recovery was retrospectively reported through a questionnaire
survey based on the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
(JSHCT) registry data8; however, there have been no
detailed case reports.
Herein, we report a case of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) who experienced autologous hematopoietic recovery after cord blood
transplantation (CBT) with total body irradiation (TBI)-based MAC,
despite once achieving a neutrophil engraftment, who also showed
different complex chromosomal abnormalities, without any disease
relapse, on repeatedly conducted bone marrow (BM) examination.