5-Conclusion
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started at the end of December 2019. In less than two months, it has spread in many countries globally. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the unprecedented nature of COVID-19 have demanded urgency in both basic science and clinical research, and the scientific community has met that call with remarkable productivity. Within months, there has been a significant growth of scientific knowledge that has shed some light on the immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
It is imperative that immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of them-driven pathology are further elucidated to better define therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Since SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS and MERS recurrence. However, there are some remarkable differences between these CoVs, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.