References
1) Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, London WB, Kreissman SG, Chen HX, Smith M, Anderson B, Villablanca JG, Matthay KK, Shimada H, Grupp SA, Seeger R, Reynolds CP, Buxton A, Reisfeld RA, Gillies SD, Cohn SL, Maris JM, Sondel PM. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1324-34.
2) Valteau-Couanet D1, Michon J, Boneu A, Rodary C, Perel Y, Bergeron C, Rubie H, Coze C, Plantaz D, Bernard F, Chastagner P, Bouzy J, Hartmann O. Results of induction chemotherapy in patients older than 1 year with a stage 4 neuroblastoma treated with the NB 97 French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP) protocol. J Clin Oncol. 2005 20;23:532-40.
3) Kushner BH1, Kramer K, LaQuaglia MP, Modak S, Yataghene K, Cheung NK. Reduction from seven to five cycles of intensive induction chemotherapy in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004;15;22:4888-92.
4) Moroz V, Machin D, Faldum A, Hero B, Iehara T, Mosseri V, Ladenstein R, De Bernardi B, Rubie H, Berthold F, Matthay KK, Monclair T, Ambros PF, Pearson AD, Cohn SL, London WB. Changes over three decades in outcome and the prognostic influence of age-at-diagnosis in young patients with neuroblastoma: a report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Mar;47(4):561-71.
5) Brodeur GM1, Pritchard J, Berthold F, Carlsen NL, Castel V, Castelberry RP, De Bernardi B, Evans AE, Favrot M, Hedborg F. Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Aug;11(8):1466-77.
6) Gotoh T, Hosoi H, Iehara T, Kuwahara Y, Osone S, Tsuchiya K, Ohira M, Nakagawara A, Kuroda H, Sugimoto T .Prediction of MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma using serum DNA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5205-10.
7) Cheifetz IM. Pediatric ARDS. Respir Care. 2017 Jun;62(6):718-731.
8)Asakura H, Takahashi H, Uchiyama T, Eguchi Y, Okamoto K, Kawasugi K, Madoiwa S, Wada H. Proposal for new diagnostic criteria for DIC from the Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Thrombosis Journal .2016;14:42.
9) Shuster JJ, McWilliams NB, Castleberry R, et al. Serum lactate dehydrogenase in childhood neuroblastoma. A Pediatric Oncology Group recursive partitioning study. Am J Clin Oncol. 1992;15:295–303.
10). Berthold F, Trechow R, Utsch S, Zieschang J. Prognostic factors in metastatic neuroblastoma. A multivariate analysis of 182 cases. AmJ Pediatr Hematol/Oncol. 1992;14:207–215
11). Morgenstern DA, Pötschger U, Moreno L, Papadakis V, Owens C, Ash S, Pasqualini C, Luksch R, Garaventa A, Canete A, Elliot M, Wieczorek A, Laureys G, Kogner P, Malis J, Ruud E, Beck-Popovic M, Schleiermacher G, Valteau-Couanet D, Ladenstein R. Risk stratification of high-risk metastatic neuroblastoma: A report from the HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Nov;65(11):e27363.
12) Kushner BH, LaQuaglia MP, Modak S, Cheung NK. Tumor lysis syndrome, neuroblastoma, and correlation between serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and MYCN-amplification. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;41:80-2.
13) Terpstra ML, Aman J, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Groeneveld AB. Plasma biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(3):691-700.
14) Nakamura M, Oda S, Sadahiro T, et al. The role of hypercytokinemia in the pathophysiology of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and the treatment with continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethylmethacrylate membrane hemofilter (PMMA-CHDF). Transfus Apher Sci. 2009;40:41–47.
15) Hijiya N, Metzger ML, Pounds S, et al. Severe cardiopulmonary complications consistent with systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by leukemia cell lysis in childhood acute myelomonocytic or monocytic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2005;44:63–69.
16) Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Vecchi A, Introna M, Allavena P. Cytokine activation of endothelial cells: new molecules for an old paradigm. Thromb Haemostasis.1997;78:406–414.
17) Kroegel C, Foerster M, Ha ¨fner D, Grahmann PR, Warner JA, Braun R. Putting priming into perspective: from cellular heterogeneity to cellular plasticity. Immunol Today.2000;21:218–222.
18) Takala A, Jousela I, Takkunen O, Kautiainen H, Jansson SE, Orpana A, Karonen SL, Repo H. A prospective study of inflammation markers in patients at risk of indirect acute lung injury. Shock. 2002;17(4):252-7.
19) Alessandra M, Selene G, Silvio M, Giancarlo C, Ottavio Z, Paolo D’A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with tumor lysis syndrome in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Reports. 2015; 7:5760.
20) Faxelius G, Teger-Nilsson AC, Wilhelmsson S, Aström L. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and congenital neuroblastoma. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1975;64:667-70.
21) Hatae Y, Takeda T, Hattori T, Nakadate H, Nishi M. Advanced neuroblastoma and disseminated intravascular coagulation: report of six cases. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1985;15:483–488.
22) Gando S, Kameue T, Matsuda N, Sawamura A, Hayakawa M, Kato H. Systemic inflammation and disseminated intravascular coagulation in early stage of ALI and ARDS: Role of neutrophil and endothelial activation. Inflammation. 2004;28:237-244.
23) Levi, M. and H. ten Cate. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999;341:586–592.
24) Gupta H, Conrad J, Khoury JD, McGregor LM, Krasin MJ, Dome JS, Santana VM, Davidoff AM. Significance of pleural effusion in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49:906-8.
25) John P. M, Angela N ,Alexander C. W. ARDS associated with tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. CHEST. 1998; 113:550-52.
26) Alessandra M, Selene G, Silvio M, Giancarlo C, Ottavio Z, Paolo D’A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with tumor lysis syndrome in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Reports. 2015; 7:5760.
FIGURE 1 Receiver operating characteristics curves for neuroblastoma prediction. (A) using the LDH value (N=75) (B) using the LDH value and DIC score (N=46) (C) using the DIC score (N=46)
The formulas for calculating the neuroblastoma risk using the two scores are as follows:
ARE risk = (X)/(1+exp[X])
(A) LDH scoring system X=LDH×0.0006531-3.057099
(B) LDH and DIC scoring system X=LDH×0.0004556+DIC score×1.40751-6.70864
(C) DIC scoring system X=DIC score×1.678482-6.048829 -