References
1) Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, London WB, Kreissman SG, Chen HX,
Smith M, Anderson B, Villablanca JG, Matthay KK, Shimada H, Grupp SA,
Seeger R, Reynolds CP, Buxton A, Reisfeld RA, Gillies SD, Cohn SL, Maris
JM, Sondel PM. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and
isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1324-34.
2) Valteau-Couanet D1, Michon J, Boneu A, Rodary C, Perel Y, Bergeron C,
Rubie H, Coze C, Plantaz D, Bernard F, Chastagner P, Bouzy J, Hartmann
O. Results of induction chemotherapy in patients older than 1 year with
a stage 4 neuroblastoma treated with the NB 97 French Society of
Pediatric Oncology (SFOP) protocol. J Clin Oncol. 2005 20;23:532-40.
3) Kushner BH1, Kramer K, LaQuaglia MP, Modak S, Yataghene K, Cheung NK.
Reduction from seven to five cycles of intensive induction chemotherapy
in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol.
2004;15;22:4888-92.
4) Moroz V, Machin D, Faldum A, Hero B, Iehara T, Mosseri V, Ladenstein
R, De Bernardi B, Rubie H, Berthold F, Matthay KK, Monclair T, Ambros
PF, Pearson AD, Cohn SL, London WB. Changes over three decades in
outcome and the prognostic influence of age-at-diagnosis in young
patients with neuroblastoma: a report from the International
Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Mar;47(4):561-71.
5) Brodeur GM1, Pritchard J, Berthold F, Carlsen NL, Castel V,
Castelberry RP, De Bernardi B, Evans AE, Favrot M, Hedborg F. Revisions
of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and
response to treatment. J Clin Oncol. 1993 Aug;11(8):1466-77.
6) Gotoh T, Hosoi H, Iehara T, Kuwahara Y, Osone S, Tsuchiya K, Ohira M,
Nakagawara A, Kuroda H, Sugimoto T .Prediction of MYCN amplification in
neuroblastoma using serum DNA and real-time quantitative polymerase
chain reaction. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5205-10.
7) Cheifetz IM. Pediatric ARDS. Respir Care. 2017 Jun;62(6):718-731.
8)Asakura H, Takahashi H, Uchiyama T, Eguchi Y, Okamoto K, Kawasugi K,
Madoiwa S, Wada H. Proposal for new diagnostic criteria for DIC from the
Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Thrombosis Journal
.2016;14:42.
9) Shuster JJ, McWilliams NB, Castleberry R, et al. Serum lactate
dehydrogenase in childhood neuroblastoma. A Pediatric Oncology Group
recursive partitioning study. Am J Clin Oncol. 1992;15:295–303.
10). Berthold F, Trechow R, Utsch S, Zieschang J. Prognostic factors in
metastatic neuroblastoma. A multivariate analysis of 182 cases. AmJ
Pediatr Hematol/Oncol. 1992;14:207–215
11). Morgenstern DA, Pötschger U, Moreno L, Papadakis V, Owens C, Ash S,
Pasqualini C, Luksch R, Garaventa A, Canete A, Elliot M, Wieczorek A,
Laureys G, Kogner P, Malis J, Ruud E, Beck-Popovic M, Schleiermacher G,
Valteau-Couanet D, Ladenstein R. Risk stratification of high-risk
metastatic neuroblastoma: A report from the HR-NBL-1/SIOPEN study.
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Nov;65(11):e27363.
12) Kushner BH, LaQuaglia MP, Modak S, Cheung NK. Tumor lysis syndrome,
neuroblastoma, and correlation between serum lactate dehydrogenase
levels and MYCN-amplification. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;41:80-2.
13) Terpstra ML, Aman J, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Groeneveld AB. Plasma
biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(3):691-700.
14) Nakamura M, Oda S, Sadahiro T, et al. The role of hypercytokinemia
in the pathophysiology of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and the treatment
with continuous hemodiafiltration using a polymethylmethacrylate
membrane hemofilter (PMMA-CHDF). Transfus Apher Sci. 2009;40:41–47.
15) Hijiya N, Metzger ML, Pounds S, et al. Severe cardiopulmonary
complications consistent with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
caused by leukemia cell lysis in childhood acute myelomonocytic or
monocytic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2005;44:63–69.
16) Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Vecchi A, Introna M, Allavena P. Cytokine
activation of endothelial cells: new molecules for an old paradigm.
Thromb Haemostasis.1997;78:406–414.
17) Kroegel C, Foerster M, Ha ¨fner D, Grahmann PR, Warner JA, Braun R.
Putting priming into perspective: from cellular heterogeneity to
cellular plasticity. Immunol Today.2000;21:218–222.
18) Takala A, Jousela I, Takkunen O, Kautiainen H, Jansson SE, Orpana A,
Karonen SL, Repo H. A prospective study of inflammation markers in
patients at risk of indirect acute lung injury. Shock. 2002;17(4):252-7.
19) Alessandra M, Selene G, Silvio M, Giancarlo C, Ottavio Z, Paolo D’A.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with tumor lysis syndrome
in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Reports. 2015;
7:5760.
20) Faxelius G, Teger-Nilsson AC, Wilhelmsson S, Aström L. Disseminated
intravascular coagulation and congenital neuroblastoma. Acta Paediatr
Scand. 1975;64:667-70.
21) Hatae Y, Takeda T, Hattori T, Nakadate H, Nishi M. Advanced
neuroblastoma and disseminated intravascular coagulation: report of six
cases. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1985;15:483–488.
22) Gando S, Kameue T, Matsuda N, Sawamura A, Hayakawa M, Kato H.
Systemic inflammation and disseminated intravascular coagulation in
early stage of ALI and ARDS: Role of neutrophil and endothelial
activation. Inflammation. 2004;28:237-244.
23) Levi, M. and H. ten Cate. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. N.
Engl. J. Med. 1999;341:586–592.
24) Gupta H, Conrad J, Khoury JD, McGregor LM, Krasin MJ, Dome JS,
Santana VM, Davidoff AM. Significance of pleural effusion in
neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49:906-8.
25) John P. M, Angela N ,Alexander C. W. ARDS associated with tumor
lysis syndrome in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. CHEST. 1998;
113:550-52.
26) Alessandra M, Selene G, Silvio M, Giancarlo C, Ottavio Z, Paolo D’A.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with tumor lysis syndrome
in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Reports. 2015;
7:5760.
FIGURE 1 Receiver operating characteristics curves for neuroblastoma
prediction. (A) using the LDH value (N=75) (B) using the LDH value and
DIC score (N=46) (C) using the DIC score (N=46)
The formulas for calculating the neuroblastoma risk using the two scores
are as follows:
ARE risk = (X)/(1+exp[X])
(A) LDH scoring system X=LDH×0.0006531-3.057099
(B) LDH and DIC scoring system X=LDH×0.0004556+DIC
score×1.40751-6.70864
(C) DIC scoring system X=DIC score×1.678482-6.048829 -