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\begin{document}

\title{Genetic predisposition to allergic rhinitis in relation to 11
psychiatric disorders}



\author[1]{Xiaowen Zhang}%
\author[1]{Wenjing Liao}%
\author[1]{Lijuan Song}%
\author[1]{Junyang Xie}%
\author[1]{Gui Chen}%
\author[1]{Tianhao Liang}%
\author[1]{Ang Li}%
\author[1]{Chunyi Zhang}%
\author[1]{Meiqian Xu}%
\author[1]{Hao Li}%
\author[1]{Jianlei Xie}%
\author[1]{Pingchang Yang}%
\author[1]{Deming Han}%
\author[1]{Nanshan Zhong}%
\affil[1]{First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University}%


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  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
\textbf{Background:} Growing evidence from observational studies
suggests a link between
Allergic~{[}rhinitis{]}(https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/rhinitis)~(AR)
and psychiatric disorders; whether these associations represent causal
relationships remains uncertain. \textbf{Methods:} We performed
bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) using summary
statistics from European genome-wide association studies to examine
evidence of causality, specificity and direction of association of AR
with 11 different psychiatric disorders or relevant traits. MR was
conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger and
weighted median methods. Sensitivity analyses included the MR-Egger
regression and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test.
\textbf{Results:} AR from 2 different GWAS data was positively
associated with bipolar disorder (OR=1.649, 95\% CI: 1.077-2.526;
P=0.021; OR=1.599; 95\%CI 1.058-2.417; P=0.026). AR was also associated
with major depressive disorder (OR=1.539; 95\%CI 1.007-2.353; P=0.047).
There were no significant association between AR and other 9 psychiatric
disorders. Bidirectional analyses showed that bipolar disorder is
negatively associated with AR (OR=0.964; 95\%CI: 0.936-0.993; P=0.015).
There was no evidence for potential causal schizophrenia and effects of
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on risk of AR by MR method,
but, MR pleiotropy residual outlier test suggested that attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder is negatively associated with AR after
outlier correction (OR=0.976, 95\%CI: 0.958-0.995, P=0.012).
\textbf{Conclusions:} This MR study indicated that AR was a causal risk
factor for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, but not for
other psychiatric disorders. Bipolar disorder and attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be a protective factor for AR.
Further studies could be carried out to leverage these new found insight
into better clinical and experimental research in AR and psychiatric
disorders.%
\end{abstract}%



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