Participants
CRS patients over 18 years old who indicated and were scheduled for ESS
between
January 2020-August 2021 were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of
CRS was based on the criteria according to a European position paper on
rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.(12) The exclusion criteria
included patients with underlying diseases that affect mucociliary
function, i.e., cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia, previous
radiotherapy at head and neck regions, patients who had previous
sinonasal surgery or sinonasal tumors, patients who had evidence of
sinus aplasia or severe deviated nasal septum on computerized tomography
(CT) scan, pregnant women, patients who had allergic to fluorescein and
who refused to participate in the study.
All patients underwent preoperative CT scan of the nose and paranasal
sinuses, and Lund-Mackay (LM) staging system (13) , was assessed
for each nasal cavity separately. Nasal endoscopic exam was carried out
to distinguish phenotype features, CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and CRS
without nasal polyp (CRSsNP). In addition, the participants completed
the Thai Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 items (SNOT-22)(14) on the
admission date for a baseline assessment.