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\begin{document}

\title{Concentration polarization on surface patterned membranes}



\author[1]{Chuning Shang}%
\author[2]{Jianzhong Xia}%
\author[3]{Lili Sun}%
\author[4]{Glenn Lipscomb}%
\author[1]{Sui Zhang}%
\affil[1]{National University of Singapore}%
\affil[2]{Shenzhen University}%
\affil[3]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[4]{University of Toledo}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Surface pattern is a promising approach to enhance membrane performance
while contradictory results have been reported on concentration
polarization of patterned membranes. Here, we provide an experimental
and modeling study of the concentration polarization on patterned
membranes by varying pattern size, solute size, surface hydrophilicity
and membrane orientation. Interesting trends were observed when
comparing different membrane orientation, where relative concentration
polarization degree (CPD) was found to be dependent on molecular weight.
Salts and small organic molecules encountered more severe CPD in the
transverse mode, while molecules larger than a threshold value showed a
different trend. Such threshold molecular weight increased at larger
pattern size. Simulation results were consistent with experimental
observations, and revealed the critical role of diffusivity on such
phenomena. Results also showed more severe concentration polarization on
patterned membranes in both parallel and transverse modes in most cases,
compared to smooth membrane.%
\end{abstract}%



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