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\begin{document}

\title{Equatorial to Polar genomic variability of the picoalga Bathycoccus
prasinos}



\author[1]{Jade Leconte}%
\author[2]{Youri Timsit}%
\author[1]{Tom O Delmont}%
\author[2]{Magali Lescot}%
\author[3]{Gwenaël Piganeau}%
\author[1]{Patrick Wincker}%
\author[1]{Olivier Jaillon}%
\affil[1]{Genoscope Genomics Metabolics}%
\affil[2]{Aix-Marseille Universite}%
\affil[3]{Laboratoire d'oceanographie biologique de Banyuls}%


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  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Phytoplankton plays a fundamental role in the ecology of ocean systems
and is the key player in the global carbon cycle. At a time of global
warming, understanding the mechanisms of its adaptation to temperature
is therefore of paramount importance. Cosmopolitan planktonic species
abundant in different marine environments provide both a unique
opportunity and an efficient methodological tool to study the genomic
bases of their adaptation. This is the case for the eukaryotic picoalga
Bathycoccus prasinos, whose genomic variability we chose to study in
temperate and polar oceanic waters. Using multiple metagenomic datasets,
we found that \textasciitilde{}5\% of B. prasinos genomic positions are
variable, with an overwhelming majority of biallelic motifs. Cold and
temperate waters are clearly associated with changes in variant
frequencies, whereas in transitional waters we found more balanced
polymorphism at most of these positions. Mesophilic and psychrophilic
gene variants are distinguished by only a few amino acid changes located
at positions critical for physical and functional protein properties.
These results provide new information on the genomic diversity of a
cosmopolitan eukaryotic planktonic species and suggest ``minimal
mutational strategies'' related to the properties of specific proteins
at different temperatures.%
\end{abstract}%



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