Mean ± S.D. [Range] Mean ± S.D. [Range]
Entire Study Population (n=417)
Entire Study Population (n=417)
≤0.125 LPM (n = 149) >0.125 and <0.5 LPM (n = 130) ≥0.5 and <1.0 LPM (n=111)
≥1.0 LPM (n=27)
P value
Sex (% male) Sex (% male) 55.6% 55.6% 55.7% 53.9% 63.1% 33.3% 0.044
Race (% non-white; n=404) Race (% non-white; n=404) 59.7% 59.7% 59.5% 66.4% 54.3% 50.0% 0.20
Ethnicity (% Hispanic; n=415) Ethnicity (% Hispanic; n=415) 5.5% 5.5% 5.4% 4.6% 4.6% 14.8% 0.18
Gestational age (weeks)
Gestational age (weeks)
26.4 ± 2.6 [22.9, 36.9] 26.4 ± 2.6 [22.9, 36.9] 26.3 ± 2.4 [22.9, 36.9] 26.5 ± 2.7 [23.0, 35.5] 26.2 ± 2.4 [23.0, 35.3] 26.8 ± 2.6 [23.4, 36.0]
0.69
Birthweight (grams; n=409)
Birthweight (grams; n=409)
858 ± 408 [380, 3370] 858 ± 408 [380, 3370] 868 ± 399 [380, 3370] 875 ± 455 [390, 3181] 829 ± 302 [415, 1790] 836 ± 590 [420, 2790]
0.82
Birthweight percentile (%; n=409)
Birthweight percentile (%; n=409)
40 ± 26 [1, 95] 40 ± 26 [1, 95] 42 ± 27 [1, 95] 39 ± 24 [1, 89] 42 ± 26 [1, 89] 25 ± 19 [2, 67]
0.018
BPD severity (%; n=387) Mild 0.5% 0.5% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% <0.001
Moderate Moderate 34.4% 47.5% 38.8% 17.8% 7.7%
Severe 65.1% 65.1% 51.1% 61.2% 82.2% 92.3%
Gastrostomy tube (% yes) Gastrostomy tube (% yes) 33.1% 33.1% 16.8% 33.1% 46.9% 66.7% <0.001
Nissen fundoplication in subjects with gastrostomies (% yes; n =138) Nissen fundoplication in subjects with gastrostomies (% yes; n =138) 65.2% 65.2% 52.0% 60.5% 71.2% 77.8% 0.22
Pulmonary hypertension after 36 weeks (% yes) Pulmonary hypertension after 36 weeks (% yes) 27.8% 27.8% 16.1% 24.6% 40.5% 55.6% <0.001
Pulmonary hypertension medications in subjects with pulmonary hypertension (% yes; n=116) Pulmonary hypertension medications in subjects with pulmonary hypertension (% yes; n=116) 40.5% 40.5% 16.7% 25.0% 53.3% 73.3% <0.001
Diuretics (% yes) Diuretics (% yes) 65.5% 65.5% 54.4% 70.0% 73.0% 74.1% 0.005
Inhaled corticosteroids (% yes) Inhaled corticosteroids (% yes) 74.8% 74.8% 65.8% 77.7% 79.3% 92.6% 0.005
Initial discharge age (months; n=416)
Initial discharge age (months; n=416)
4.7 ± 2.5 [0.1, 17.9] 4.7 ± 2.5 [0.1, 17.9] 4.0 ± 2.1 [0.5, 15.3] 4.7 ± 2.3 [0.1, 14.9] 5.3 ± 2.8 [1.0, 17.9] 5.8 ± 3.2 [0.2, 13.6]
<0.001
Median household income ($ in thousands; n=413)
Median household income ($ in thousands; n=413)
77.2 ± 27.9 [20.4, 156.8] 77.2 ± 27.9 [20.4, 156.8] 81.1 ± 27.8 [28.5, 156.8] 72.4 ± 26.7 [22.8, 156.8] 76.1 ± 28.6 [20.4, 145.8] 83.5 ± 28.9 [31.9, 148.9]
0.042
Public insurance (% yes) Public insurance (% yes) 53.2% 53.2% 48.3% 53.1% 55.9% 70.4% 0.18