Wing shape variation across the four melanic morphs of B.
dorsalis
We obtained a significant difference of B. dorsalis wing shape
between the sexes and across the four melanic morphs (Table 2). The
first two dimensions of the canonical variate analysis that explained
87.2 % of the total wing shape difference separated B. dorsalisbased on their sex and morphs (Fig. 4A). In Male flies, all the pairwise
permutation tests performed using the Procrustes distances showed a
significant divergence of wing shape of the different male morphs (Fig.
4B.i). An illustration from the thin plate spline deformation grid
depicted this deformation (Fig. 5A). For instance, while landmarks 11,
12, 13 and 14 were undergoing expansion movement in the morphs 1, 2 and
3, the same landmarks contracted in morph 4 (Fig. 5A). In females,
except individuals from morphs 2 and 3 that showed no difference in
their wing shape (P=0.2 ), all the other two-by-two comparisons
were significant (Fig. 4Bii). For illustration, landmarks 4, 5, 6, 7 and
8 of morphs 1 and 2 were more contracted as compared to those of morphs
3 and 4 (Fig. 5B).
Table 2. MANOVA table illustrating the significant difference
of B. dorsalis wing shape across the four groups and between the
sexes.