Materials and Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 75 children from the tracheostomy and chronic ventilator-dependent clinic at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. Participants were initially enrolled from clinic for the purpose of prospectively following their clinical course with Washington University in St. Louis IRB approval, IRB #201409115. A separate IRB submission was made for retrospective chart review for this specific study and was considered exempt, IRB #202003084. The data obtained ranged from years 1999-2016 and were logged into a RedCap database.