Study area
Our study took place on three major public land areas in Southeast Ohio (Figure 1), Vinton Furnace State Experimental Forest (Vinton; 64 km2), Zaleski State Forest (Zaleski; 116 km2), and AEP reclaimed strip-mining lands (AEP; 239 km2). Vinton and Zaleski were in close proximity to each other and are both included in the southern population from prior research, therefore we aggregated the data from these two areas for analysis (hereafter Vinton-Zaleski). Both study areas consist of primarily forested land (AEP = 60.1%, Vinton-Zaleski = 92.7%) interspersed with small patches of developed land (AEP = 3.8%, Vinton-Zaleski = 2.8%; Figure 1). AEP is also characterized by moderate areas of wetland habitat (11.1%), water bodies (2.3%), shrub/scrub habitat (9.0%), and open habitat, including grasslands (9.0%), pastures (10.7%), and barren land (<1%). Vinton-Zaleski has proportionally fewer wetlands (1.4%), water bodies (<1%), shrub/scrub (<1%), and open habitat (<1%).