FIGURE 6 Fingolimod treatment decreased the hippocampal levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 while increasing BDNF and phosphorylated-ERK expression . Multiplexed flow cytometric assay of IL-6 (A) and IL-1β (B) levels in the hippocampus (n=5 per group). Representative images of western blotting and (C) protein expression of BDNF and β-actin as internal controls. (D) Expression of phosphorylated-ERK and total ERK in the hippocampus (n=6 per group). Data are shown as means ± SEM, #P < .05, ##P < .01 versus control, ###P < .001 versus control, *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 versus PCP. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p-ERK, phosphorylated-ERK; t-ERK, total ERK; PCP, phencyclidine; SEM, standard error of the mean.