Competing interests

‘Teleo’ primers and the use of the amplified fragment for identifying fish species from environmental samples are patented by the CNRS and the Université Grenoble Alpes. This patent only restricts commercial applications and has no implications on the use of this method by academic researchers. SPYGEN owns a licence for this patent. T.D., P.J and A.V. are research scientists at a private company specializing in the use of eDNA for species detection.