Abbreviations: Protein kinase B (Akt); Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK); Angiotensin II (Ang II); Canagliflozin (CANA); Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC); Dapagliflozin (DAPA); Empagliflozin (EMPA); Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK); Human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC); Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC); Hexokinase II (HK II); Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC); Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1); Interleukin (IL); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); Sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE); NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3); Nitric oxide (NO); Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX); Ponatinib (PON); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT); Streptozotocin (STZ); Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1); Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin); Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)