Outcomes
Number of women (Studies)
RR/MD (95%CI)
Risk of bias
Inconsistency
Indirectness
Imprecision
Publication bias
Certainty of evidence
Perineal trauma
5353 (19)
0.84 (0.76, 0.93)
Downgraded *
Downgraded #
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Low
Episiotomy
3193 (12)
0.77 (0.62, 0.96)
Downgraded *
Downgraded #
Not downgraded
Downgraded §
Not downgraded
Very low
First-degree perineal laceration
3581 (11)
1.18 (0.92, 1.52)
Downgraded *
Downgraded #
Not downgraded
Downgraded §
Not downgraded
Very low
Second-degree perineal laceration
3410 (10)
0.72 (0.64, 0.82)
Downgraded *
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Moderate
Severe perineal laceration
2143 (6)
0.30 (0.05, 1.87)
Downgraded *
Not downgraded
Not downgraded
Downgraded §
Not downgraded
Low
Intact perineum
2129 (7)
1.22 (0.99, 1.50)
Downgraded *
Downgraded #
Not downgraded
Downgraded §
Not downgraded
Very low
Duration of second-stage labor
1723 (9)
-13.72 (-22.68, -4.77)
Downgraded *
Downgraded #
Not downgraded
Downgraded §
Not downgraded
Very low