Figure 1. (A) The location of our study site (Ella Island in East Greenland, at latitude 72° 50’ N and longitude 25° 00’ W). (B) Muskox female adult and calf in August 2019. (C) An example of muskox fecal sample.
Ten muskox fecal samples were collected; six from muskox female adults and four from calves (four pairs of mother and calf and two females with no calf, Figure 1B; muskox feces, Figure C). Among them, eight samples comprise four pairs of mother and calf. All samples had been kept in Ethanol solution (99%) until the DNAs were extracted. We also sampled leaves, stems, and fruits of 8 plant species as candidate prey sources from the ground where the muskox foraged.