Fig. 2 Density Independent mechanisms. Posterior parameter estimates for responses of density-independent growth rates (ρs) to standardized environmental covariates (Temp-average summer air temperature (°C), Snow depth-mean April snow depth (cm), N dep-average summer nitrogen deposition (g/m2/yr). Points show mean estimates and error bars show 95% Bayesian credible intervals. We set wide priors on ρ coefficients (-0.5, 0.5) to allow a 50% change (increase or decrease) in ρs in response to a given environmental covariate at each time step and estimates here reflect posterior sampling across all time steps. Rare species showed weak DI responses to environmental variables (Fig S7). Estimates are standardized by treatment as models were run separately for each treatment, thus the magnitude of parameter estimates and credible intervals should be compared between species groups within a treatment but not across treatments (colors).