Preoperatively Intraoperatively Postoperatively
Avoiding or minimizing contrast media Avoid prolonged CPB, ACX Maintain hemodynamics (dobutamine)
Nephrotoxic drugs Avoid hypotension Avoid vasopressors
Optimize renal function Maintain sufficient perfusion pressure Balanced fluid and salt administration
Optimize hemodynamics’ Early diagnosis and institution of RRT when indicated
Rehydration Discontinuing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers
Delay surgery if needed, Tight glycemic control Tight glycemic control Tight glycemic control