Variables
Adult (≥ 18 years) (n= 373)
AKI (n= 107) No AKI (n= 266)
Significance
Age category 0.004
< 50 years 114 (30.6%) 21 (19.6%) 93 (35.0%)
50-59 years 115 (30.8%) 33 (30.8%) 82 (30.8%)
60-69 years 106 (28.4%) 35 (32.7%) 71 (26.7%)
≥ 70 years 38 (10.2%) 18 (16.8%) 20 (7.5%)
Gender
Male 301 (80.7%) 83 (77.6%) 218 (82.0%) 0.384
Female 72 (19.3%) 24 (22.4%) 48 (18.0%)
Nationality 0.143
Saudi 41 (11.0%) 16 (15.0%) 25 (9.4%)
Non-Saudi 332 (89.0%) 91 (85.0%) 241 (90.6%)
Type of Surgery 0.235
Adult congenital 92 (24.7%) 18 (16.8%) 74 (27.8%)
Valve repair 16 (4.3%) 5 (4.7%) 11 (4.1%)
Valve replacement 57 (15.3%) 15 (14.0%) 42 (15.8%)
coronary artery bypass graft 205 (55.0%) 68 (63.6%) 137 (51.5%)
Combined (CABG+Valve repair) 1 (0.3%) - 1 (0.4%)
Combined (CABG+Valve replacement) 2 (0.5%) 1 (0.9%) 1 (0.4%)
Valve type 0.588
Mechanical 49 (13.1%) 12 (11.2%) 37 (13.9%)
Biologic 10 (2.7%) 4 (3.7%) 6 (2.3%)
Number of grafts 0.046
1 33 (8.8%) 13 (12.1%) 20 (7.5%)
2 81 (21.7%) 30 (28.0%) 51 (19.2%)
3 78 (20.9%) 19 (17.8%) 59 (22.2%)
4 16 (4.3%) 7 (6.5%) 9 (3.4%)
Cardiac pulmonary bypass (min) 112.00 (89.50-138.00) 122.0 (96.0-158.0) 108.5 (87.0-130.25) 0.003
Aortic cross clamp (min) 67.50 (54.00-92.00) 72.0 (58.5-100.0) 66.0 (53.0-89.0) 0.051
Case Urgency 0.384
Elective 307 (82.3%) 92 (86.0%) 215 (80.8%)
Emergent 64 (17.2%) 15 (14.0%) 49 (18.4%)
Urgent 2 (0.5%) - 2 (0.8%)
Smoking 93 (24.9%) 25 (23.4%) 68 (25.6%) 0.693
Pre-existing hypertension 175 (46.9%) 62 (57.9%) 113 (42.5%) 0.008
Pre-existing diabetes mellitus 147 (39.4%) 48 (44.9%) 99 (37.2%) 0.196
Pre-operative creatinine (mg/dl) 0.97 (0.80-1.17) 1.11 (0.81-1.29) 0.95 (0.79-1.10) 0.0001
Post-operative creatinine (mg/dl) 1.01 (0.78-1.40) 1.84 (1.42-2.62) 0.90 (0.72-1.08) 0.0001
Difference between Pre- and Post- operative creatinine (mg/dl) 0.06 (-0.11-0.40) 0.67 (0.47-1.18) -0.04 (-0.15-0.09) 0.0001
Percentage changes creatinine (%) 106.17 (87.17-141.50) 162.71 (147.91-223.58) 95.70 (82.67-109.03) 0.0001
Death within index hospitalization 21 (5.6%) 14 (13.1%) 7 (2.6%) 0.0001
Stages of AKI
Stage I 73 (68.2%)
Stage II 20 (18.7%)
Stage III 14 (13.1%)