Phenomenology

 Baizabal-Carvalho and Jankovic compared phenomenology of tics  and comorbidities in males and females with GTS \cite{Baizabal-Carvallo2022b}. Males represented 77.6% of the cohort comprising 201 GTS patients. No differences regarding frequency, distribution and complexity of tics were detected. Males with GTS had higher frequency of ADHD. In children with TS, males not only had higher rate of ADHD than females, but also had higher frequency of complex motor tics and earlier age at onset than females. These differences were not detected in adults with GTS, since tic complexity increases in females with aging. 
Video-recordings of 156 patients with TS were assessed for tic duration \cite{Baizabal-Carvallo2022}. Dystonic tics were longer lasting than tonic tics. Furthermore, patients with dystonic tics has older age of onset, older age at evaluation, greater tic severity, more complex tics, and increased risk for being considered for deep brain stimuation than patients with tonic tics.