Transient environmental effects on tic severity
Tic suppression
Sensory phenomena and premonitory urges
Other
Weingarden et al. report that self-esteem is decreased in adults with TS and CTD (n=122). This, however, is less related to tics / tic severity but rather related to psychiatric comorbidities . When treating these patients, self-esteem was improved more by comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) than by Psychoeducation and Supportive Therapy (PST), which seems plausible. It would be interesting to replicate the same study in children and adolescents .\cite{Weingarden_2018}
Etiology
Genetics
Epigenetics
Environmental risk factors