Transient environmental effects on tic severity

Tic suppression

Sensory phenomena and premonitory urges

Other

Weingarden et al.  report that self-esteem is decreased in adults with TS and CTD (n=122). This, however, is less related to tics / tic severity but rather related to psychiatric comorbidities . When treating these patients, self-esteem was improved more by comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) than by Psychoeducation and Supportive Therapy (PST), which seems plausible. It would be interesting to replicate the same study in children and adolescents   .\cite{Weingarden_2018}

Etiology

Genetics

Epigenetics

Environmental risk factors