Other treatment

Following up on the fascinating report of median nerve stimulation (MNS) treatment for tics in TS \citep{32502412}\citet{35158022} performed an MEG study showing contralateral hemisphere cortical effects of rhythmic (but not arrhythmic) MNS at 12Hz or 20Hz. In an open-label study of MNS in 31 adults and older teenagers with TS, participants reported treatment benefit and good tolerability, both in the moment via brief online surveys and at the end of the study \citep{Iverson_2022}
Morning light therapy: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34120225/

Tics, family and society

Alalwan et al, 2022: professional knowledge in Saudi Arabia
Similar study in the USA
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35179458/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35978849/
\cite{Bamigbade2022}
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36311270/
More than half of the children with a TS diagnosis included from than 2016-2017 National Survey of ChildrenĀ“s Health data on children from 6 to 17 years, had experienced bullying victimization, and around 20% had experienced bullying perpetration, which was more frequent than in children without TS \citep{34050089}.
A longitudinal clinical cohort study showed that the academic achievement was decreased in children with TS and the severity of comorbidities was shown to have a bigger influence on the education than tic severity \cite{Lund2022}.
\citet{Atkinson-Clement2022} examined the consequences of TS on adolescents“ daily living by using a text mining approach. Social stigma was shown to be the most common issue faced by patients with TS. Severity of tics had an especially an impact on daily life at school while comorbidities mostly were related to social daily living and risk of depression.
A large Swedish cohort study with more than 13 million individuals and almost 7,800 individuals with TS or chronic tic disorders (CTD), it was found that persons with TS or CTD did have an increased risk of experiencing any violent assault and violent and nonviolent crime convictions \cite{Mataix-Cols2022}. The presence of comorbid ADHD and substance use disorders increased this risk.