References
1. Balchin I, Whittaker JC, Patel RR, Lamont RF, Steer PJ. Racial variation in the association between gestational age and perinatal mortality: prospective study. BMJ. 2007 Apr 21;334(7598):833.
2. Gardosi J, Madurasinghe V, Williams M, Malik A, Francis A. Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: population based study. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2013;346:f108.
3. Penn N, Oteng-Ntim E, Oakley LL, Doyle P. Ethnic variation in stillbirth risk and the role of maternal obesity: analysis of routine data from a London maternity unit. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2014 2014/12/07;14(1):404.
4. Raleigh VS, Botting B, Balarajan R. Perinatal and postneonatal mortality in England and Wales among immigrants from the Indian subcontinent. Indian J Pediatr. 1990 Jul-Aug;57(4):551-62.
5. Ravelli AC, Tromp M, Eskes M, Droog JC, van der Post JA, Jager KJ, Mol BW, Reitsma JB. Ethnic differences in stillbirth and early neonatal mortality in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Aug;65(8):696-701.
6. Ekeus C, Cnattingius S, Essen B, Hjern A. Stillbirth among foreign-born women in Sweden. Eur J Public Health. 2011 Dec;21(6):788-92.
7. Viegas OA, Leong WP, Chia YT, Yeoh SC, Ratnam SS. Ethnicity and obstetric performance in Singapore. J Biosoc Sci. 1995 Apr;27(2):151-62.
8. Davies-Tuck M, Davey M-A, Wallace EM. Maternal Region of Birth and Stillbirth in Victoria, Australia 2000-2011: A Retrospective Cohort study. PLoS one. 2017;12(6):e0178727.
9. Berman Y, Ibiebele I, Patterson JA, Randall D, Ford JB, Nippita T, Morris JM, Davies‐Tuck ML, Torvaldsen S. Rates of stillbirth by maternal region of birth and gestational age in New South Wales, Australia 2004–2015. ANZJOG. 2020;60:425-32.
10. Mozooni M, Preen DB, Pennell CE. Stillbirth in Western Australia, 2005-2013: the influence of maternal migration and ethnic origin. Med J Aust 2018;209(9):394-400.
11. Yim C, Wong L, Cabalag C, Wallace EM, Davies-Tuck. Postterm surveillance and birth outcomes in South Asian-born compared to Australian-born women. Journal of Perinatology. 2017;37(2):139-43.
12. Reddy M, Wallace EM, Mockler JC, Stewart L, Knight M, Hodges R, Skinner S, M. D-T. Maternal Asian ethnicity and obstetric intrapartum intervention: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1).
13. Cox A, Narula S, Malhotra A, Fernando S, Wallace M, Davies-Tuck M. Respiratory outcomes in moderate-late preterm infants: Do they differ by maternal region of birth? Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2020;105(1):50-5.
14. Davies-Tuck ML, Davey MA, Wallace EM. Maternal region of birth and stillbirth in Victoria, Australia 2000-2011: A retrospective cohort study of Victorian perinatal data. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178727.
15. Drysdale H, Ranasinha S, Kendell A, Knight M, Wallace E. Ethnicity and the risk of late-pregnancy stillbirth. MJA. 2012;197:278-81.
16. Mahase E. Doctors question NICE recommendation to induce labour at 39 weeks in ethnic minority women. BMJ. 2021;374:n1711.
17. UN. Standard country or area codes for statistical use. Methadology 2017 [cited 2019; Available from: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/
18. A L. Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single- and multiple-group comparisons. Stata J. 2015;14:480–500.
19. Davies-Tuck M, Ruzic M, Davey MA, Hodges R, Nowotny B, Flenady V, Andrews C, Wallace EM. Understanding staff views and experiences of a clinical practice change to reduce stillbirth in South Asian women: A cross-sectional survey. Women Birth. 2021 Jul;34(4):e390-e5.
20. Palmer KR, Tanner M, Davies-Tuck M, Rindt A, Papacostas K, Giles ML, Brown K, Diamandis H, Fradkin R, Stewart AE, et al. Widespread implementation of a low-cost telehealth service in the delivery of antenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet. 2021 Jul 3;398(10294):41-52.
21. Homer C, Davies-Tuck M, Farrell T. COVID-19 communique: A rapid review. In: Victoria SC, editor.; 2021.
22. Middleton P SE, Crowther CA,. Induction of labour for improving birth outcomes for women at or beyond term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;CD004945.
23. Saigal S, Doyle LW. An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):261-9.
24. Ibiebele I, Bowen JR, Nippita TA, Morris JM, Ford JB. Childhood health and education outcomes following early term induction for large-for-gestational age: a population-based record linkage study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018;In print.
25. Bentley JP, Roberts CL, Bowen JR, Martin AJ, Morris JM, Nassar N3. Planned Birth Before 39 Weeks and Child Development: A Population-Based Study. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6).
26. MacKay DF, Smith GC, Dobbie R, Pell JP. Gestational age at delivery and special educational need: retrospective cohort study of 407,503 schoolchildren. PLoS Med. 2010 Jun 8;7(6):e1000289.
27. Grobman WA1, Rice MM1, Reddy UM1, Tita ATN1 SR, Mallett G1, Hill K1, Thom EA1, El-Sayed YY1, Perez-Delboy A1, Rouse DJ1, Saade GR1, Boggess KA1, Chauhan SP1, Iams JD1, Chien EK1, Casey BM1, Gibbs RS1, Srinivas SK1, Swamy GK1, Simhan HN1, Macones GA1,. Labor Induction versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women. N Engl J Med 2018;379(6):513-23.
28. Keulen JKJ, Nieuwkerk PT, Kortekaas JC, van Dillen J, Mol BW, van der Post JAM, de Miranda E. What women want and why. Women’s preferences for induction of labour or expectant management in late-term pregnancy. Women Birth. 2021 May;34(3):250-6.
29. Schwarz C, Gross MM, Heusser P, Berger B. Women’s perceptions of induction of labour outcomes: Results of an online-survey in Germany. Midwifery. 2016 Apr;35:3-10.
30. Kazemier BM, Ravelli AC, de Groot CJ, Mol BW. Optimal timing of near-term delivery in different ethnicities: a national cohort study. BJOG. 2014;121(10):1274-82.
31. Stubley P. Proposals to induce labour earlier in pregnant ethnic minority women ‘are racist and discriminatory’. Independent 2021.
32. Summers H. Guidance to induce minority ethnic pregnancies earlier condemned as racist. The Guardian. 2021.
33. Birth Rights UK. Induction proposals ignore black and brown women’s experience of maternity services. 2021 [cited; Available from: