Uqcr11: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex III subunit XI,Ndufs1: NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa
(NADH-coenzyme Q reductase), Nmdar1 : Glutamate [NMDA]
receptor subunit 1, uzip : Unzipped, PHRF1 : PHD and RING
finger domain-containing protein 1, Chmp1: chromatine modifying
protein 1, 5-ht7 : serotonin receptor 7, RpL35: ribosomal
protein L35, CTL5: C-type lectin 5, crh-BP:corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein, ATP5G2: ATP
synthase H+ transporting mitochondrial F0 complex,
subunit C2 (subunit 9), Grp : glycine-rich cuticle protein,Rep: Rab escort protein, LCCH3: ligand-gated chloride channel
homolog 3, Amel_8916: cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel subunit 8916,Gpdh: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Tpx-4 :
thioredoxin peroxidase 4, CPR : cuticular protein, Rga:regulator of gene activity protein, SP34 : venom serine protease
34, Snf : U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A, GstS1:glutathione S-transferase S1, Pban : pheromone
biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide, WRNexo : WRN exonuclease,Uvop : ultraviolet-sensitive opsin, Mad : MAX dimerization
protein
Figure 1: Photographs of Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis
mellifera carnica worker bees sampled in Switzerland.
Figure 2: High-resolution population network of honey bees (Apis
mellifera) . Each colony is illustrated by a node, with individual node
size proportional to FROH, whilst the node color
represents the sample origin (A) and the individual levels of admixture
(B) at the optimal cluster solution (K = 5). The thickness of edges
varies in the proportion of the genetic distance to visualize individual
relationship between the colonies. The topology of the network clearly
differentiated Apis mellifera carnica (CAR) from Apis mellifera
mellifera (MEL) (dashed circles) and described well-defined substructure
within MEL according to the genetic origin (patrilines and conserved
MEL).
Figure 3: Identified homozygosity islands across the honey bee
(Apis mellifera) genome (16 chromosomes). Breed-specific homozygosity
islands of Apis mellifera carnica (CAR) are illustrated in dark grey;
those of Apis mellifera mellifera (MEL) are in brown and the common
segment in light grey.