Parameter | Observation | References |
Ultrastructure | morphological changes in endothelium, astrocytes, pericytes | Miyazaki 2011, Garbuzova-Davis 2012, Winkler 2013, Sasaki 2015, Yamadera 2015 |
↑ collagen content | Garbuzova-Davis 2012, Sasaki 2015, Waters 2021 | |
↓ collagen content | Ono 1998, Miyazaki 2011 | |
Tight junctions
|
well-preserved structure (electron microscopy)
|
Sasaki 2015
|
↓ mRNA or protein expression | Henkel 2009, Garbuzova-Davis 2012 | |
Leakiness | blood derived protein detected in the spinal cord/cortex/CSF | Donnefeld 1984, Leonardi 1984, Engelhardt 1990, Garbuzova-Davis 2012, Winkler 2013, Waters 2012 |
Efflux transporters P-gp |
↑ (spinal cord homogenates)
|
Jablonski 2012
|
no change (spinal cord and motor cortex endothelium) ↑ (spinal cord and motor cortex astrocytes) |
van Vliet 2019
|
|
BCRP | ↑ in spinal cord homogenates | Jablonski 2012 |
↑ (motor cortex endothelium); ↑ (spinal cord and motor cortex astrocytes) |
van Vliet 2019
|