References
1. Renz-Polster H, David MR, Buist AS, et al (2005) Caesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood. Clin Htmlent Glyphamp Asciiamp Exp Allergy 35:1466–1472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02356.x 2. Negele K, Heinrich J, Borte M, et al (2004) Mode of delivery and development of atopic disease during the first 2 years of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 15:48–54. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0905-6157.2003.00101.x 3. Sevelsted A, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H (2015) Cesarean Section and Chronic Immune Disorders. Pediatrics 135:e92–e98. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0596 4. Gensollen T, Iyer SS, Kasper DL, Blumberg RS (2016) How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352:539–544. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9378 5. Nishida A, Inoue R, Inatomi O, et al (2018) Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Gastroenterol 11:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-017-0813-5 6. Patterson E, Ryan PM, Cryan JF, et al (2016) Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes. Postgrad Med J 92:286–300. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285 7. Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA (2018) The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol 16:143–155. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157 8. De Pessemier B, Grine L, Debaere M, et al (2021) Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions. Microorganisms 9:353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020353 9. Cresci GA, Bawden E (2015) Gut Microbiome: What We Do and Don’t Know. Nutr Clin Pract 30:734–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533615609899 10. Coelho GDP, Ayres LFA, Barreto DS, et al (2021) Acquisition of microbiota according to the type of birth: an integrative review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 29:e3446. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518.8345.4466.3446 11. Romagnani S (2004) The increased prevalence of allergy and the hygiene hypothesis: missing immune deviation, reduced immune suppression, or both? Immunology 112:352–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01925.x 12. Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Westergaard T (2008) Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disesase: meta-analyses. Clin Exp Allergy 38:634–642. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02939.x 13. Yu M, Han K, Kim DH, Nam GE (2015) Atopic dermatitis is associated with Caesarean sections in Korean adolescents, but asthma is not. Acta Paediatr 104:1253–1258. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13212 14. Papathoma E, Triga M, Fouzas S, Dimitriou G (2016) Cesarean section delivery and development of food allergy and atopic dermatitis in early childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 27:419–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12552 15. Richards M, Ferber J, Chen H, et al (2020) Caesarean delivery and the risk of atopic dermatitis in children. Clin Exp Allergy 50:805–814. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13668 16. Kantor R, Kim A, Thyssen JP, Silverberg JI (2016) Association of atopic dermatitis with smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 75:1119-1125.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.017 17. Novak N (2003) Immune mechanisms leading to atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 112:S128–S139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.032 18. Caubet J-C, Eigenmann PA (2010) Allergic Triggers in Atopic Dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 30:289–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2010.06.002 19. Prescott VE, Forbes E, Foster PS, et al (2006) Mechanistic analysis of experimental food allergen-induced cutaneous reactions. J Leukoc Biol 80:258–266. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1105637 20. Leow Y (1998) Cigarette smoking, cutaneous vasculature, and tissue oxygen. Clin Dermatol 16:579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(98)00042-X 21. Stewart CJ, Ajami NJ, O’Brien JL, et al (2018) Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study. Nature 562:583–588. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0617-x 22. Zhu T, Liu X, Kong F-Q, et al (2019) Age and Mothers: Potent Influences of Children’s Skin Microbiota. J Invest Dermatol 139:2497-2505.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.018