Study sites
Our study sites are located in and around Uryu Experimental Forest,
Japan (44°030–290N, 142°010–200E), a natural conifer-broadleaf mixed
forest. Sampling of rhizosphere and riparian soils and root nodules from
alders was conducted in 12 sites along four river areas (see also Kagiya
et al. 2018). Only Alnus hirsuta exist in these sites
actinorhizal plants.