Plant growth
Plant above-ground biomass and height were higher with lack of pollination (Table 1, Fig. 1e, Fig. S4). While there was no effect of pollination or herbivory on root biomass, root length was marginally (p=0.06) shorter in the presence of herbivory (Table 1, Fig. 1f, Fig. S4), this effect became significant when using B. rufimanus % Damage as an explanatory variable (Table 1, Fig. S5). In addition, there was a negative relationship between herbivory damage and plant above-ground biomass and height (Table 1, Fig. S5).