Outcome measures
The visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the shoulder pain severity of the patients. For this purpose, a 10-cm long line was drawn and numbered at 1 cm intervals. The patient was explained that zero corresponded to no pain and ten to the most severe pain and then asked to mark the value corresponding to his pain on the scale. The joint range of motion measurements in the flexion, abduction, and external rotation were recorded. The functionality of patients was analyzed using the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Q-DASH) and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). The Q-DASH is the short version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire for the assessment of upper extremity problems. The difficulties faced by individuals while performing their daily living activities due to upper extremity problems were assessed using 11 items in this questionnaire. Each item of the questionnaire was scored between 1 and 5. A score between 0 and 100 (0 = no disability, 100 = maximum disability) was calculated from each section in the Q-DASH questionnaire. In contrast, FMA-UE is a disease-specific, objective motor impairment scale designed specifically to evaluate the recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. It includes subsections that evaluate joint movements, coordination, and reflex activities related to the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The highest score that can be obtained from this assessment is 66, and a high score indicates good functionality. In this single-blind study, a physiotherapist (A.A) made the evaluations before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up.