Outcome measures
The visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the shoulder pain
severity of the patients. For this purpose, a 10-cm long line was drawn
and numbered at 1 cm intervals. The patient was explained that zero
corresponded to no pain and ten to the most severe pain and then asked
to mark the value corresponding to his pain on the scale. The joint
range of motion measurements in the flexion, abduction, and external
rotation were recorded. The functionality of patients was analyzed using
the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Q-DASH) and the
Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). The Q-DASH is the
short version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)
questionnaire for the assessment of upper extremity problems. The
difficulties faced by individuals while performing their daily living
activities due to upper extremity problems were assessed using 11 items
in this questionnaire. Each item of the questionnaire was scored between
1 and 5. A score between 0 and 100 (0 = no disability, 100 = maximum
disability) was calculated from each section in the Q-DASH
questionnaire. In contrast, FMA-UE is a disease-specific, objective
motor impairment scale designed specifically to evaluate the recovery in
post-stroke hemiplegic patients. It includes subsections that evaluate
joint movements, coordination, and reflex activities related to the
shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The highest score that can be
obtained from this assessment is 66, and a high score indicates good
functionality. In this single-blind study, a physiotherapist (A.A) made
the evaluations before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up.