1. INTRODUCTION
Phimosis is the inability of the penis to be extruded beyond the preputial orifice.1,2 The condition has been infrequently reported in juvenile cats and comprises only 0.5% of canine penile and preputial lesions according to one study.3,4 In both species, phimosis is described as being either congenital or acquired. Congenital causes of phimosis include an abnormally small or absent preputial orifice, inadequate penile length as seen with penile hypoplasia, and persistent connective tissue bands adhering the penis to the preputial mucosa.2 Acquired causes of phimosis are those that result in fibrosis and subsequent stenosis of the preputial orifice.2 Trauma from excessive grooming of the perineum, by either the dam or littermates, is believed to be the most common cause, but it is also postulated to occur secondary to infection (UTI, balanoposthitis) and neoplasia.1,5 Clinical signs usually include excessive licking of the prepuce, dribbling urine after urination, stranguria and preputial swelling.1,2,3,4,5 Diagnosis has previously been limited to physical examination with an inability to extrude the penis and a visibly small preputial opening, with the exception of one study that described the use of contrast abdominal radiography in a dog with congenital stenosis of the preputial orifice.6 We present two cases describing the use of a novel contrast radiographic technique termed a preputiogram (contrast radiography of the preputial cavity) and ultrasound to diagnose phimosis with or without penile-preputial adhesions and therefore allow for proper surgical planning to optimize patient outcomes.