References
1. Hussain A, Kaler J, Tabrez E, Tabrez S, Tabrez SSM. Novel COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Manifestation, and Pathogenesis. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e8184.
2. Adams KK, Baker WL, Sobieraj DM. Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(8):820-6.
3. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
4. Vaduganathan M, Solomon SD. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(24):e92.
5. Busse LW, Chow JH, McCurdy MT, Khanna AK. COVID-19 and the RAAS-a potential role for angiotensin II? Crit Care. 2020;24(1):136.
6. Quinn KL, Fralick M, Zipursky JS, Stall NM. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and COVID-19. CMAJ. 2020;192(20):E553-E4.
7. Alsufyani HA, Docherty JR. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system and COVID-19. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28(8):977-84.
8. Kotfis K, Lechowicz K, Drozdzal S, Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej P, Wojdacz TK, Grywalska E, et al. COVID-19-The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(1).
9. Lu S, Zhou Q, Huang L, Shi Q, Zhao S, Wang Z, et al. Effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids to treat COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(10):627.
10. Pal R. COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications. Endocrine. 2020;68(2):251-2.
11. Mehra P, Wolford LM. Serum nutrient deficiencies in the patient with complex temporomandibular joint problems. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2008;21(3):243-7.
12. Philip KEJ, Bennett B, Fuller S, Lonergan B, McFadyen C, Burns J, et al. Working accuracy of pulse oximetry in COVID-19 patients stepping down from intensive care: a clinical evaluation. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020;7(1).
13. Luks AM, Swenson ER. Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home. Potential Pitfalls and Practical Guidance. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020;17(9):1040-6.
14. Goyal D DH, Kussner A, Neil J, Bhatti S and Mansab F. Oxygen and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative analysis of supplemental oxygen policies and health outcomes across 26 countries. 2020.
15. Kaliyaperumal D, Rk K, Alagesan M, Ramalingam S. Characterization of cardiac autonomic function in COVID-19 using heart rate variability: a hospital based preliminary observational study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021.
16. Miller DJ, Capodilupo JV, Lastella M, Sargent C, Roach GD, Lee VH, et al. Analyzing changes in respiratory rate to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243693.
17. Al-Halhouli A, Al-Ghussain L, Khallouf O, Rabadi A, Alawadi J, Liu H, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Respiratory Rate Measurements on COPD (Male) Patients Using Wearable Inkjet-Printed Sensor. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(2).
18. Abdollahi A, Mahmoudi-Aliabadi M, Mehrtash V, Jafarzadeh B, Salehi M. The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types. Iran J Pathol. 2020;15(3):156-60.
19. Jiao Zhao YY, Hanping Huang, Dong Li, Dongfeng Gu, Xiangfeng Lu, Zheng Zhang, Lei Liu, Ting Liu, Yukun Liu, Yunjiao He, Bin Sun, Meilan Wei, Guangyu Yang, View ORCID ProfileXinghuan Wang, Li Zhang, Xiaoyang Zhou, Mingzhao Xing, Peng George Wang. Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility. medRxiv. 2020.
20. Cheng Y, Cheng G, Chui CH, Lau FY, Chan PK, Ng MH, et al. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA. 2005;293(12):1450-1.
21. Loscertales MP, Owens S, O’Donnell J, Bunn J, Bosch-Capblanch X, Brabin BJ. ABO blood group phenotypes and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: unlocking a pivotal mechanism. Adv Parasitol. 2007;65:1-50.
22. Boren T, Falk P, Roth KA, Larson G, Normark S. Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens. Science. 1993;262(5141):1892-5.
23. Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, Ruvoen N, Jiang X, Lindblad L, et al. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection. Nat Med. 2003;9(5):548-53.
24. Wang DS, Chen DL, Ren C, Wang ZQ, Qiu MZ, Luo HY, et al. ABO blood group, hepatitis B viral infection and risk of pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 2012;131(2):461-8.
25. Foster MT, Jr., Labrum AH. Relation of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ABO blood groups. J Infect Dis. 1976;133(3):329-30.
26. Michael Zietz NPT. Testing the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. medRxiv. 2020.
27. Guarnotta V, Ferrigno R, Martino M, Barbot M, Isidori AM, Scaroni C, et al. Glucocorticoid excess and COVID-19 disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020.
28. Martine Claude Etoa Etoga AHI, Magellan Guewo-Fokeng, Mesmin Dehayem, Anne Ongmeb Boli, Jean Arnaud Ndi Manga, Charles Kouanfack, Liliane Kuate Mfeukeu, Pierre Joseph Fouda, Vicky Ama Moor, Eugène Sobngwi. Baseline Serum Total Cortisol During the Primary Corona Virus Infection in the Beginning of the Pandemic in Cameroon. 2020.
29. Tricia Tan BK, Edouard G Mills, Maria Phylactou, Bijal Patel, Pei C Eng, Layla Thurston, Beatrice Muzi, Karim Meeran, A Toby Prevost, Alexander N Comninos, Ali Abbara, Waljit S Dhillo. Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19. 2020.
30. Pasquale Campana VF, Francesco Aruta, Francesco Cacciatore, Pasquale Abete. Can aldosterone increase interleukin‐6 levels in Covid‐19 pneumonia? Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93:622-3.
31. Henry BM, Benoit S, Lippi G, Benoit J. Letter to the Editor - Circulating plasma levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A preliminary report. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(5):702-3.
Table 1. General characteristics, clinical presentations, serum levels of cortisol and aldosterone, and ABO blood group system distribution in COVID-19 suspicious outpatients tested for SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR*