AD and risk of allergic rhinitis
We assessed the associations between early-onset AD, late-onset AD, and
AD severity and development of allergic rhinitis at 7 and 12 years
(Table 3 ). Among children with early-onset AD, 17/83 (20%)
developed allergic rhinitis at 7 years (OR=2.22 [1.09; 4.46],
p=0.025) and 38/98 (38%) developed allergic rhinitis at 12 years
(OR=1.57 [0.95; 2.56], p=0.07). The GEE model showed a compiled OR
for the two timepoints of 1.56 [1.01; 2.41], p=0.04.
Among children with late-onset AD, 8/52 (15%) developed allergic
rhinitis at 7 years (OR=1.80 [0.67; 4.58], p=0.22) and 21/60 (35%)
developed allergic rhinitis at 12 years (OR=1.36 [0.71; 2.56],
p=0.35). The GEE model showed a compiled OR for the two timepoints of
1.76 [1.00; 3.10], p=0.05 (Table 3 ). Early-onset and
late-onset AD imposed a similar risk of development of allergic rhinitis
(p-interaction=0.89).
Similarly, early-onset AD severity (SCORAD) was associated with
development of allergic rhinitis during childhood; GEE OR=1.09 [1.05;
1.13], p<0.001, whereas late-onset severity was not; GEE
OR=1.00 [0.96; 1.04], p=0.90. Early-onset AD severity imposed a
higher risk of allergic rhinitis than late-onset severity
(p-interaction<0.01).
Adjusting the results for sex, older siblings, maternal allergic
rhinitis, paternal allergic rhinitis, breastfeeding and smoking during
3rd trimester did not alter the results noteworthy
(Table E1 and E2 ).
Filaggrin mutation The results for aeroallergen sensitization stratified by FLGmutation are shown in Table E3 in the Online Repository. When
evaluating age at onset of AD and severity by SCORAD, FLGmutation did not seem to alter the results (Table E3 ).
The results for allergic rhinitis including stratification by FLGmutation are shown in Figure 1 and listed in Table E2 .
When evaluating age at onset of AD (Figure 1a ) FLGmutation did not seem to alter the results (p-interaction 7 years=0.30
and 12 years=0.17). However, when evaluating AD severity by SCORAD in
children with early-onset AD, i.e., debut ≤ 1 year, (Figure 1b )FLG positive children exhibited 24% (ORpos / ORneg = 1.34 /
1.08) and 14% (ORpos / ORneg = 1.20 / 1.05) higher odds for the
association between AD severity and development of allergic rhinitis at
7 and 12 years respectively in contrast to FLG negative,
indicating that this association is stronger among children withFLG mutation (p-interaction 0.06 and 0.055, respectively). Due to
low numbers, we were not able to investigate the association between
SCORAD > 1 year and allergy outcomes stratified byFLG mutation status.