Cellular studies
Results from the clinical trials demonstrated the beneficial effect of MR antagonism in HFrEF and in HFpEF. MRA therapy could improve cardiac function, and reduce cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction. Already after the publication of the RALES study in 1999, in parallel to the subsequent clinical studies with MRA, the markedly beneficial results led researchers to perform numerous basic and translational studies focusing on the analysis of MR expression and activation in cells of the CV system.