Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The MPS Foundation Grant Programme. The MPS Foundation was established to undertake research, analysis, education and training to enable healthcare professionals to provide better care for their patients and improve their own wellbeing. To achieve this, it supports and funds research across the world that will make a difference and can be applied in the workplace. The work was also supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W011239/1).
Conflicts of interest
TL has received an honorarium for a lecture on this topic from Al Sultan United Medical Co and is head of clinical artificial intelligence at Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and a potential liability sink
All other authors report no conflicts of interest
Authors’ contributions
TL, ZP, IH - conceptualisation, funding acquisition, writing - original draft & review & editing, analysis, visualisation
PM - writing - original draft, analysis, visualisation, writing - review & editing
AC, NH, JI, YJ, VS - analysis, visualisation, writing - review & editing