References:
1.Bhardwaj R, Berzingi C, Miller C, Hobbs G, Gharib W, Beto RJ, Warden
BE, Jain AC. Differential diagnosis of acute pericarditis from normal
variant early repolarization and left ventricular hypertrophy with early
repolarization: an electrocardiographic study. Am J Med Sci. 2013
Jan;345(1):28-32. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3182541d6d. PMID: 22814363.
2.Early repolarization. Differential diagnosis of electrocardiographic
ST-segment elevation]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2000 Oct 30;162(44):5914-7.
Danish. PMID: 11094551.
3.de Bliek EC. ST-elevation: Differential diagnosis and caveats. A
comprehensive review to help distinguish ST-elevation myocardial
infarction from nonischemic etiologies of ST elevation. Turk J Emerg
Med. 2018 Feb 17;18(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tjem.2018.01.008. PMID:
29942875; PMCID: PMC6009807.
4-Brady W.: ST-segment elevation in ED adult chest pain patients:
etiology and diagnostic accuracy for AMI. J Emerg Med 1998; 16: pp.
797-798.
5.Chenkin J. Diagnosis of Aortic Dissection Presenting as ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction using Point-Of-Care Ultrasound. J Emerg Med. 2017
Dec;53(6):880-884. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.012. Epub 2017 Oct
20. PMID: 29066079.
6. Brearley W.D., Lee T., Haley M.W., Littmann L.: Pneumomediastinum
mimicking acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Int J
Cardiol 2007; 117: pp. 73-75.
7.Lolay GA, Burchett A, Ziada KM. Pneumomediastinum and ST-Segment
Elevation. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Nov 15;118(10):1603-1604. doi:
10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.08.032. Epub 2016 Aug 22. PMID: 27634033.
8.Skaug B, Taylor KR, Chandrasekaran S. Oesophageal rupture masquerading
as STEMI. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Apr 11;2016:10.1136/bcr-2016-214906. doi:
10.1136/bcr-2016-214906. PMID: 27068730; PMCID: PMC4840706.
9. Wintermark M, Schnyder P. The Macklin effect: a frequent etiology for
pneumomediastinum in severe blunt chest trauma. Chest. 2001
Aug;120(2):543-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.120.2.543. PMID: 11502656.
10. Vanzo V, Bugin S, Snijders D, Bottecchia L, Storer V, Barbato A.
Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in an 11-year-old rugby player:
a case report. J Athl Train. 2013 Mar-Apr;48(2):277-81. doi:
10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.11. Epub 2013 Feb 20. PMID: 23672393; PMCID:
PMC3600931.
11.Tse TS, Tsui KL, Yam LY, So LK, Lau AC, Chan KK, Li SK. Occult
pneumomediastinum in a SARS patient presenting as recurrent chest pain
and acute ECG changes mimicking acute coronary syndrome. Respirology.
2004 Jun;9(2):271-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2004.00569.x. PMID:
15182281
12.Martinez CM, Gaspar ML, Ribes EA, Amenos AM, Prevosti EF, Robert LP.
Pneumomediastinum following a surgical renal biopsy. J Urol. 1976
Jul;116(1):94-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58695-4. PMID: 933301.
13.Zimmerman A, Rafii SE, Strom JA. Subcutaneous emphysema and
pneumomediastinum. A cause of low voltage electrocardiogram. Heart
Dis.2001; 3: 85-6.
14.Ratnayake EC, Premaratne S, Lokunarangoda N, Fernando S, Fernando N,
Ponnamperuma C, Santharaj WS. Pneumopyopericardium mimicking an inferior
ST-elevation myocardial infarction with regional electrocardiogram
changes: a case report. BMC Res Notes. 2015 Apr 30;8:173. doi:
10.1186/s13104-015-1143-7. PMID: 25924710; PMCID: PMC4417527.
15. Frenkel A, Binyamin Y, Zeldetz V, Koyfman L, Klein M, Brotfain E.
Pneumomediastinum, ST elevation and urgent cardiac catheterisation: a
crucial triad? BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Feb 6;12(2):e227932. doi:
10.1136/bcr-2018-227932. PMID: 30733249; PMCID: PMC6381960.
16. Vidi, Venkatesan & Singh, Premranjan & Alhumaid, Alia & Lee,
Richard & Kinnunen, Paula. (2009). Hydropneumopericardium presenting as
an acute coronary syndrome: A rare complication of paraesophageal
hernia. Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute
of St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children’s Hospital. 36. 255-8.
17. Cummings RG, Wesly RL, Adams DH, Lowe JE. Pneumopericardium
resulting in cardiac tamponade. Ann Thorac Surg. 1984 Jun;37(6):511-8.
doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)61146-0. PMID: 6375601.
18. Light RW. Exudative pleural effusions secondary to gastrointestinal
diseases. Clin Chest Med. 1985 Mar;6(1):103-11. PMID: 3847297.