Assessment of Anxiety symptoms
Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used [30]. The SAS
considered both emotional and physical symptoms, including 20 items, of
which 15 were negative experiences and 5 were positive experiences. Add
all the items together to form a rough score, which is multiplied by
1.25 and rounded to get the standard score to evaluate anxiety. The
index score of 45 (original score=36) was set as the cut-off point for
clinical significant anxiety in our study [31]. The Cronbach’s alpha
of it was 0.918 in this study.