Figures

  1. a . typical communication system modified from Shannon (1948);b . paleontological systematic studies in abstract.
  2. a . information entropy distribution of a binary variable;b . information entropy of characters in different morphological character matrices, x-axis: number of character states, y-axis: average information entropy; c . joint information entropy in different morphological character matrices; d . mutual information distribution heatmap in different morphological character matrices, orange: high mutual information, blue: low mutual information, anatomical parts abbreviations, C: crania, F: forelimb and pectoral girdle, H: hindlimb and pelvic gridle, A: axial elements, O: others.
  3. a . noise power distribution in taxa domain; b . noise power distribution in character domain; c . channel capacity and bandwidth in character matrices.
  4. Tree results of Ceratopsia. a . Equal weighting; b . implied weighting (k=3); c . implied weighting (k=12);d . information entropy weighting. Colored columns on the right side of trees represent OTUs and their color gradients correspond to the taxa order in the original character matrix. Data Accessibility -Phylogenetic results of Ornithischia, Ceratopsia, Diplodocidae, multituberculate, Carnivoramorpha, and lizards, by equal weighting, implied weighting (k = 3&12), and information entropy weighting are presented in .nex files. The strict consensus tree is appended in the end of trees in each file. Dryad doi:10.5061/dryad.8sf7m0cnc