Legends of figures
Figure 1. A) Daily precipitation (mm) and air temperature (°C) from 2015 to 2020. Soil volumetric water content at B) 10 cm depth, C) 40 cm depth, D) 100 cm depth and E) 200 cm depth for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments, from 2015 to 2019. Values within panel A indicate the annual precipitation.
Figure 2. (A) Percentage of shrub coverage in 2019 and (B) Percentage of dead shrub individuals from 2016 to 2019, for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments. Bars represent mean +CI (n=5). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments for each year. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between years. ns = not significant
Figure 3. (A) Percentage of total grass coverage and by species: (B)P. humilis , (C) P. speciosa and (D) P. ligularis , for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments. Bars represent mean +CI (n=5). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments. ns = not significant
Figure 4. ANPP (g m-2 y-1) of (A) shrubs, (B) grasses and (C) shrubs + grasses, for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments. Bars represent mean +CI (n= 5). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments for each year. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between years
Figure 5. (A) MSAVI2 vegetation index obtained from Sentinel-2 images for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments from July 2019 to July 2020. Each point corresponds to the index of a pixel within each plot. The lines correspond to the GAM fitting and the ribbons to the 95% confidence limits. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments. (B) MSAVI2 indices for four dates, each representative of a season (in order: winter, spring, summer, and fall). Squares represent plots, and each 10x10m pixel is colored according to MSAVI2 value
Figure 6. (A) Daily NDVI for control (C), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments from July 2019 to July 2020. The lines correspond to the GAM fitting and the ribbons to the 95% confidence limits. (B) Boxplots of NDVI for each treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments. Note: data corresponding to +N treatment are missing due to technical problems with the downward-looking hemispherical sensor
Figure 7. ANPP (g m-2 y-1) in relation to water input (ambient + experimental precipitation, mm) for (A) shrubs, (B) grasses and (C) shrubs + grasses, for control (C), nutrient addition (+N), water addition (+W) and co-addition of nutrient and water (+NW) treatments. The points and error bars are the mean and CI of the statistical analysis shown in figure 5. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments