Study ID, Year Diuretic, dose Study design, sample size Age (years) Male (%) Time measured (weeks) Aldosterone unit Aldosterone before Aldosterone after Serum K+ before Serum K+ after
Hood, 2007 SPIRO 50-100mg Crossover, 51 59.5±11.9 54 10 pmol/L 375 (276-438) 1116 (893-1339) 4 (3.9-4.1) 4.5 (4.4-4.6)
Hood, 2007* AMIL 20-40mg Crossover, 51 59.5±11.9 54 10 pmol/L 375 (276-438) 963 (797-1129) 4 (3.9-4.1) 4.8 (4.6-4.9)
Hood, 2007* BENDRO 2.5-5mg Crossover, 51 59.5±11.9 54 10 pmol/L 375 (276-438) 374 (330-419) 4 (3.9-4.1) 3.6 (3.4-3.8)
Ubaid-Girioli, 2009 SPIRO 25mg Parallel, 39 24 ng/mL 15.4±8.2 19.2±9 4.2±0.4 4.4±0.5
Ubaid-Girioli, 2009* SPIRO 25mg Parallel, 32 24 ng/mL 16.8±5.4 22.3±12.6 4.1±0.3 4.3±0.4
Marone, 1985 CLTD 25-50mg Single-arm, 10 56.7±2.5 (SEM) 40 6-8 weeks ng/dL 6.98±0.79 11.91±2.93 4.5±0.2 4.5±0.4
Weinberger, 2002 E 50mg Parallel, 49 70 8 ng/dL Mean-adjusted changes Mean-adjusted changes 4.26
Weinberger, 2002* E 100mg Parallel, 43 61 8 ng/dL 4.17
Weinberger, 2002* E 400mg Parallel, 52 64 8 ng/dL 4.2
Weinberger, 2002* E 25mg BD Parallel, 51 73 8 ng/dL 4.18
Weinberger, 2002* E 50mg BD Parallel, 49 70 8 ng/dL 4.22
Weinberger, 2002* E 200mg BD Parallel, 43 69 8 ng/dL 4.20
Weinberger, 2002* SPIRO 50mgBD Parallel, 42 75 8 ng/dL 4.24
Weinberger, 2002* Placebo Parallel, 49 58 8 ng/dL 4.2
Karns, 2012 E 50mg BD Parallel, 33 56.2±7.7 57.6 8 % change reported % change reported
Karns, 2012* Placebo Parallel, 33 59.8±9.33 66.7 8
Vasavada, 2003 TORS 40mg or FURO 80mg Crossover, 14 67 ± 11 93 3 ng/mL 7.46±2.14 10.38±2.14 (w1), 11.47±1.84 (w3)
Matsui, 2010 HCTZ 12.5mg Parallel, 104 68 ± 9.1 40 24 pg/mL 37 (32.2-42.5) 46.14 (est from % change)
Lijnen, 1981 HCTZ 100mg Parallel, 5 37.2 ± 2.7 57.1 12 ng% 4.28±1.48 [SE] 8.11±1.31 4.12±0.15 3.44±0.22
Lijnen, 1981* TIE 250mg Parallel, 5 37.2 ± 2.7 57.1 12 ng% 4.78±1.25 5.15±1.2 4.07±0.12 3.68±0.14
Lijnen, 1981* TIE 1000mg Parallel, 4 37.2 ± 2.7 57.1 12 ng% 2.72±1.5 14.92±1.18 4.08±0.12 3.23±0.16
Koenig, 1991 HCTZ 25mg Crossover, 51 68±8 20 12 & 24 pg/mL 70.4±30.6 91.5±42 (3m), 78.9±31 (6m) 4.2±0.4 4.5±0.4 (3m), 4.3±0.4 (6m)
Saruta, 2004 Placebo Parallel, 48 54.3±10.55 68 8 % change reported % change reported
Saruta, 2004* E50mg Parallel, 48 54.2±11.3 63.3 8 % change reported % change reported
Saruta, 2004* E100mg Parallel, 45 52.8±10.02 69.6 8 % change reported % change reported
Saruta, 2004* E200mg Parallel, 47 52.6±10.76 72.9 8 % change reported % change reported
Chalmers, 1982 INDA 2.5mg Crossover, 16 53±10 44 8 ng/100mL 8 (placebo) 13.8 (INDA) 4.4 (placebo) 3.6 (INDA)
Calhoun, 2011 E 50mg BD Parallel, 68 55.3±9.1 59.7 8 pmol/L 189.7 379.8
Calhoun, 2011* Placebo Parallel, 60 53.9±8.7 66.7 8 pmol/L 181.7 172.3
Svendsen, 1983 HCTZ+AMIL Parallel, 15 48.5 43 12 pmol/L 208 478.4 3.3 3.80 (est from %)
Ubaid-Girioli, 2007 HCTZ 25mg Parallel, 18 49.3±7.2 46 12 ng/dL 9.1±2.2 14.1±1.4
Ramsay 1981 Spiro 25mg Crossover, 14 50 43 4 pmol/L 12.02±1.70 15.85±2.45 3±0.43 3.37±0.44
Ramsay 1981* SPIRO 50mg Crossover, 14 50 43 4 pmol/L 12.02±1.70 31.62±1.41 3±0.43 3.52±0.48
Ramsay 1981* SPIRO 100mg Crossover, 14 50 43 4 pmol/L 12.02±1.70 34.67±1.32 3±0.43 3.83±0.43
Ramsay 1981* SPIRO 200mg Crossover, 14 50 43 4 pmol/L 12.02±1.70 42.66±1.78 3±0.43 3.91±0.35
Brummelen, 1979 HCTZ 50mg BD Single-arm, 13 26-58 100 1, 4, 12, 24, 36 ng/100mL 5.7±0.9 [SE] 8.5±0.6 (1w), 8.9±0.5 (4w), 8.7±0.6 (12w), 6.7±0.7 (24w), 6.8±0.8 (36w) 4±0.04 3±0.1 (1W), 3.1±0.1 (4W), 3±0.1 (12w), 3.2±0.1 (24w), 3.2±0.1 (36w)
O’Connor, 1980 HCTZ Crossover, 19 50.1 ± 2.6 100 4 pg/mL 48.3±8 [SE] 98.4±19 4.1±0.1 3.8±0.1
Ferguson, 1982 HCTZ 50mg Crossover, 4 51 66 2 ng/dL 13.5 (Group 1), 11.6 (Group 2) 21.8 (Group 1), 20.8 (group 2)
Matthesen, 2012 AMIL 5mg BD Crossover, 23 60 (45-70) 60.9 4 pmol/L 84 (placebo) 303
Matthesen, 2012* SPIRO 25mg BD Crossover, 23 60 (45-70) 60.9 4 pmol/L 84 (placebo) 299
Ni, 2014 SPIRO 25mg Parallel, 40 55.7±12.3 60 12 pg/mL 23.8±10.9 24.5±11 4.1±1.5 4.4±0.7
Ni, 2014* Placebo Parallel, 36 54.9±14.2 58.3 12 pg/mL 23.4±10.2 23.5±9.8 3.9±0.9 4.1±1.4
Koopmans, 1987 HCTZ 50mg OD Crossover, 9 50.5±9.1 55.6 4 ng/100mL 8.5±4.8 11.8±5.2 3.8±0.17 3.2±0.26
Swaminathan, 2008 SPIRO 25-50mg Crossover, 33 62.6 4 pmol/L 150.84±83.1 (placebo) 264.33±107.81 4.4±0.3 4.8±0.37
Kreeft, 1983 CLTD 100mg Crossover, 19 42-66 52.6 8 ng/L 7.8±4.8 11.56±10.9 4.31±0.4 3.35±0.3
Kreeft, 1983* SPIRO 400mg Crossover, 19 42-66 52.6 8 ng/L 7.8±4.8 14.4±13.3 4.31±0.4 5±0.6
Jarvis, 2015 HCTZ 12.5-25mg Parallel, 10 68±6 50 24 ng/dL 5.4±4.7 11.8±10.5*
Yang, 2016 SPIRO 20-40mg Parallel, 15 44.7±10.8 12 ng/dL 18±5.4 8.2±3.3 4.3±0.3 4.3±0.2
Karashima, 2016 HCTZ 6.25mg Parallel, 22 65 ± 1 68 48 pg/mL 87±6 (SEM) 83±5 4.1±0.1 4.1±0.1
Karashima, 2016* E 50mg Parallel, 23 66 ± 2 68 48 pg/mL 85±7 103±1* 4.2±0.1 4.3±0.1
Karashima, 2016 SPIRO 12.5-100mg Parallel, 27 56.1±9.9 40.7 48 pg/mL 128±55 244±84 3.9±0.3 4.3±0.3
Karashima, 2016* EPLER 25-100mg Parallel, 27 54.9±10.7 48.1 48 pg/mL 140±60 184±88 3.9±0.3 4.2±0.3
Ferrara, 1988 CLTD 25mg Parallel,16 49±8 50 6 pg/mL 222±105 320±227
Ferrara, 1988* Placebo Parallel, 16 49±8 50 6 pg/mL 327±185 356±166
Derosa, 2018 CAN 50-100mg Parallel, 81 53.4 ± 7.2 53.4 24 & 48 pg/dL 143.1 ± 22.5 121.8 ± 16.5 (6m), 104.6 ± 13.2 (12m) 3.9 ± 0.4 4.1 ± 0.6 (6m), 4.3 ± 0.7 (12m)
Derosa, 2018* HCTZ 12.5-25mg Parallel, 82 52.6 ± 6.9 48.8 24 & 48 pg/dL 153.8 ± 25.6 164.1 ± 27.9 (6m), 169.4 ± 30.6 (12m) 4.1 ± 0.5 3.8 ± 0.4 (6m), 3.5 ± 0.3* (12m)
Henning, 1980 AMIL+HCTZ Crossover, 43 56.4 8 pmol/L 416 1257 4.26 3.82
Krum, 2002 Placebo (added to ACE) Parallel, 60 54.7 51 8 ng/dL 6.9 6.7 4.36 +0.06±0.04
Krum, 2002* Placebo (Added to ARB) Parallel, 58 55.1 40 8 ng/dL 7.4 6.9 4.28 +0.05±0.03
Krum, 2002* EPLER 50-100mg (+ ACE) Parallel, 63 55.7 47 8 ng/dL 7.1 11.8 4.32 +0.14±0.04
Krum, 2002* EPLER 50-100mg (+ ARB) Parallel,64 54.2 49 8 ng/dL 7.8 12.4 4.31 +0.20±0.04
Derosa, 2016 CAN 50mg Parallel, 87 57.15±8.91 65.5 12 pg/dL 58.64±54.67 77.76±72.14 4.25±0.43 4.50±0.45
Derosa, 2016* CAN 100mg Parallel, 88 57.75±9.18 63.6 12 pg/dL 68.77±63.19 68.50±66.01 4.32±0.72 4.65±0.40
Belleau, 1982 HCTZ 50mg Crossover, 18 44 (23-58) 54.6 4 ng/100mL 10.99±5.6 10.90±4.84
Gerber, 1985 INDA 2.5mg One-arm, 29 37 ± 2 100 7.7 ng/dL 8.2±0.8 (SEM) 13.8±1.2 4.2±0.1 3.6±0.1
Fouassier, 2020 SPIRO+FUR+AMIL Parallel, 73 53.7 ± 10.3 79 12 pmol/L 104 (69-152) Median+IQR 270 (177-344) 3.8±0.4 4.3±0.5
Dorresteijn, 2013 HCTZ 25mg Crossover, 29 60 (55–63) 74 8 ng/L Placebo: 53 (33–74) Median IQR 87 4.1 (4-4.5) 3.82
Parthasarathy, 2011 SPIRO 75-225mg Parallel, 61 53.2±10.92 73.2 4 & 16 ng/dL 20.1 37.7 (4w), 44.1 (16w) 3.93 (w4), 3.95 (w16)
Parthasarathy, 2011* E 100-300mg Parallel, 67 53.9±10.89 62.9 4 & 16 ng/dL 18.6 26.4 (4w), 33.3 (16w) 3.84 (w4), 3.95 (w6)
Solini, 2019 HCTZ 12.5mg Parallel, 20 62±8 70 4 pg/mL 1.44±0.95 1.01±0.43 4.57±0.35 4.47±0.31
Ohta, 2015 EPLER 50mg Crossover, 20 71 ±13 55 12 ng/dL 15.4 ±8.0 21.0±11.8 4.3 ±0.5 4.8 ± 0.4
Ohta, 2015* INDA 1mg Crossover, 20 71 ±13 55 12 ng/dL 15.4 ±8.0 20.2±9.3 4.3 ±0.5 4.2 ± 0.4
Vaclavik, 2014 Placebo Parallel, 76 59.7±9.9 63.2 8 ng/L 117 111 4.1±0.5 +0
Vaclavik, 2014 SPIRO 25mg Parallel, 74 60.4±9.5 67.6 8 ng/L 87 143 4.1±0.5 +0.4
Kithas, 2010 HCTZ Parallel, 21 69 ± 6 52.4 24 ng/dL 106 ± 49 157 ± 9 3.8 ± 0.4 3.8 ± 0.4
Kithas, 2010* SPIRO Parallel, 24 70 ± 5 58.3 24 ng/dL 107 ± 51 300 ± 37 4.1 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.3
Grandi, 2002 CAN 50mg Parallel, 17 24 pmol/L 212.7±31.3 234.6±37.3* 4.2±0.1 4.3±0.2
Olshan, 1981 FURO 40mg Crossover, 12 51.6±2.7 100 4 pg/mL Placebo: 66.1±9 (Supine) 85.4±18.4
Meier, 1982 CLTD 100mg/day (responders) Parallel, 11 45±5 80 6 ng/100mL 6.1±1.3 (Supine) 12.5±3.1 & 39±15.2 4.0±0.1 3.4±0.1
Meier, 1982* CLTD 100mg/day (non-responders) Parallel, 9 54±3 80 6 ng/100mL 4.1±0.9 (Supine) 9.1±3.4 & 22.8±5.9 3.8± 0.1 3.1±0.2