Disclosures
None.
REFEREN CES
1. Atlas A. Steven. The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System: Pathophysiological Role and Pharmacologic Inhibition. J Manag care Pharm. 2010;13:9–20.
2. White PC. Aldosterone: Direct effects on and production by the heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2376–83.
3. Kaplan NM. Diuretics as a basis of antihypertensive therapy: An overview. Drugs. 2000;59:21–5.
4. Brater DC. Pharmacology of Diuretics. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319:38–50.
5. Greenberg S, McGowan C, Xie J, Summer WR. Selective pulmonary and venous smooth muscle relaxation by furosemide: A comparison with morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994;270:1077–85.
6. Wiemer G, Fink E, Linz W, Hropot M, Scholkens BA, Wohlfart P. Furosemide enhances the release of endothelial kinins, nitric oxide and prostacyclin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994;271:1611–5.
7. Pickkers P, Hughes AD, Russel FGM, Thien T, Smits P. Thiazide-Induced Vasodilation in Humans Is Mediated by Potassium Channel Activation. 1998;
8. P. LIJNEN, R. FAGARD JS& AA. EFFECT OF CHRONIC DIURETIC TREATMENT ON THE PLASMA RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;12:387–92.
9. Maxwell MH GC. Tricrynafen and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Effect of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system and on electrolyte balance. In: A new class of diuretics with uricosuric activity. Postgrad Med Commun. 1978;5:43–50.
10. Himathongkam T, Dluhy RG WG. Potassim-aldosterone-renin interrelationships. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975;41:153–9.
11. Williams GH, Tuck ML, Rose LI, Dluhy RG, Underwood RH. Studies of the control of plasma aldosterone concentration in normal man. 3. Response to sodium chloride infusion. J Clin Invest. 1972;51:2645–52.
12. EL B. Regulation of aldosterone secretion: current concepts and newer aspects. adv nephrol. 1977;7:105–20.
13. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62:1006–12.
14. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein H. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3. Biostat, Englewood, NJ; 2013.
15. Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR, Sheldon TA SF. Methods for meta-analysis in medical research. 2000.
16. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ WV, editor. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019). Cochrane; 2019.
17. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br Med J. 1997;315:629–34.
18. Moser M, Feig PU. Fifty years of thiazide diuretic therapy for hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1851–6.
19. Roush GC, Sica DA. Diuretics for hypertension: A review and update. Am J Hypertens. 2016;29:1130–7.
20. Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension.1. Overview, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2014;32:2285–95.
21. Wright JT Jr1, Dunn JK, Cutler JA, Davis BR, Cushman WC, Ford CE, Haywood LJ, Leenen FH, Margolis KL, Papademetriou V, Probstfield JL, Whelton PK HGACRG. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2005;293:1595–608.
22. McNally RJ, Faconti L, Cecelja M, Farukh B, Floyd CN, Chowienczyk PJ. Effect of diuretics on plasma renin activity in primary hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;2189–98.
23. Carey RM. AT2 receptors: Potential therapeutic targets for hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2017;30:339–47.
24. Perrone MH, Deborah A, Perrone MH, Physiol C. renin-angiotensin; an-. 2020;
25. Stoll M, Steckelings UM, Paul M, Bottari SP, Metzger R, Unger T. The angiotensin AT2-receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:651–7.
26. Furberg CD. Renin-guided treatment of hypertension: Time for action. Am J Hypertens [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group; 2010;23:929–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2010.135
27. McNally RJ, Morselli F, Farukh B, Chowienczyk PJ, Faconti L. A review of the prescribing trend of thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics in hypertension: A UK perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85:2707–13.
28. Weber KT, Sun Y, Guarda E. Structural Remodeling in Hypertensive Heart Disease and the Role of Hormones. 2011;
29. Young M, Dilley R, Funder J. Mineralocorticoids, hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 1965;44:1072–116.
30. Atsuhisa Sato JF. High glucose stimulates aldosteronesterone-induced hypertrophy via type I mineralocorticoid receptors in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
31. Faconti L, McNally RJ, Farukh B, Adeyemi O, Cruickshank JK, Wilkinson IB, et al. Differences in hypertension phenotypes between Africans and Europeans: Role of environment. J Hypertens. 2020;38:1278–85.
32. Nussberger J, Brunner DB, Waeber B, Brunner HR. Specific measurement of angiotensin metabolites and in vitro generated angiotensin II in plasma. Hypertension. 1986;8:476–82.
33. Anton H. van den Meiracker, Peter J.J. Admiraal, Joop A. Janssen, Jan-Maarten Kroodsma, Wijnand A.M. de Ronde, Frans Boomsma, Joëlle Sissmann, P.J. Blankestijn, Paul G.M. Mulder, Arie J. Man in ‘t Veld and MADHS. Hemodynamic and Biochemical Effects of the AT1 Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in Hypertension. Hypertension. 1995;25:22–9.
34. Sawathiparnich P, Kumar S, Vaughan DE, Brown NJ. Spironolactone abolishes the relationship between aldosterone and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:448–52.
35. S Ichikawa, Y Tajima, T Sakamaki, H Matsuo, M Kogure, Y Hirano, S Yagi KM. Effect of spironolactone on fluid volumes and adrenal steroids in primary aldosteronism. Circulation. 1984;48:1184–96.